SOME IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT FEATURED THAT YEAR
DURING THIS YEAR MANY EVENTS OF GREAT SIGNIFICANCE TOOK PLACE THEY WERE:
1.After the Messenger’s return from Tabuk, the sworn allegation of infidelity between ‘Uwaimir Al‘Ajlani
and his wife took place.
2.Pelting with stones the Ghamidiyah woman who confessed committing adultery. She was pelted
with stones only after weaning her child off her breast milk.
3.Negus Ashama; the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), died so the Prophet (Peace be upon him)
performed prayer in absentia for him.
4.The death of Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Prophet (Peace be upon him), the Prophet felt
extremely sad at her death. “Had I got a third daughter, I would let you marry her.” He said to
‘Uthman.
5.The death of ‘Abdullah bin Abi Salool, the head of hypocrites, after the Prophet’s return from
Tabuk. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) asked Allâh’s forgiveness for him. He also
prayed for him in spite of ‘Umar’s disapproval and his attempt to prevent him from doing that.
Later on a Qur’ânic verse was revealed attesting to ‘Umar’s right viewpoint.
ABU BAKR (May Allah be pleased with him) PERFORMS THE PILGRIMAGE:
In the month Dhul-Qa‘dah or in Dhul-Hijjah of the very year (the ninth of Al-Hijra), the Messenger of
Allâh (Peace be upon him) dispatched Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him), the truthful, as a
deputy prince of Al-Hajj (pilgrimage), so that he would lead the Muslims in performing of the pilgrimage
rituals.
Soon after the departure of the Muslims, there came a Revelation from Allâh: the opening passages of
the Chapter 9 entitled ‘Repentance’ (Surah Tauba or Bara’a) in which ‘freedom from obligation’ is
proclaimed from Allâh in regard to those idolatrous tribes who had shown no respect for the treaties
which they had entered into with the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Communication of this news went in
line with the Arabian traditions of making public any change relating to declining conventions of blood
and fortunes.
‘
Ali bin Abi Talib was deputed to make this declaration. He overtook Abu Bakr at Al‘
Arj
commissioned to make the announcement. “I have been deputed to make the proclamation only”
replied ‘Ali. The two Companions then proceeded with the pilgrimage process. Towards the close of the
rituals, on the day of the ritual sacrifice, ‘Ali stood at Al-Jamrah (a spot at which stones are pelted) and
read aloud to the multitudes that thronged around him and declared quittance from covenants with
idolaters and giving them four months’ respite to reconsider their position. As for the other idolaters
with whom the believers had a treaty and had abated nothing of the Muslims’ rights nor had supported
anyone against them, then the terms of the treaty would run valid until the duration of which expired.
Abu Bakr then sent some Muslims to declare publicly that no disbeliever would after that year perform
pilgrimage, nor would anyone be allowed to make the Tawaf (going round) of the Sacred House
unclothed.
That proclamation in fact vetoed all aspects of paganism out of Arabia and stated quite unequivocally
that those pre-Islam practices were no longer in operation.
A MEDITATION ON THE GHAZWAT:
Meditation on the Prophet’s Ghazawat, missions, and the battalions he formed and dispatched, will
certainly give us and everybody a true and clear impression that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was
the greatest military leader in the whole world as well as the most righteous, the most insightful and the most alert one. He was not a man of superior genius for this concern but he was also the Master
and the greatest of all Messengers as far as Prophethood and Heavenly Message are concerned.
Besides, all the battles that he had fought were standard in their application to the requirements of
strictness, bravery, and good arrangements that fitted the terms and conditions of war. None of the
battles he fought was lost as a consequence of shortage of wisdom or due to any other technical error
in army mobilization or a location in a wrong strategical position. The loss of any of his battle was not
due to misjudgement about occupying the best and the most appropriate sites of battles, nor was it due
to a mischoice of leaders of the fight, for he had proved himself to be a peculiar sort of leader that
differs from any of those leaders that our world had known and experienced. As regards Uhud and
Hunain events, there were consequences of weakness in some military elements in Hunain; and
disobedience to orders in Uhud. Their non-compliance with wisdom and the plan of the battle played a
passive role in the course of those two invasions.
His genius was clearly shown in these two battles when the Muslims were defeated; for he stoodfast
facing the enemy and managed, by his super wisdom, to thwart the enemy’s aim as was the case in
Uhud. Similarly he managed to change the Muslims’ defeat in Hunain into a victory. Nothwithstanding
the fact that serious grave developments in military operations usually leave the worst impression on
the military leaders and entice them to flee for their lives.
We have, so far, discussed the mere aspects of military leadership of the invasions. On the other hand,
through these invasions he was able to impose security, institute peace, diffuse dissension and destroy
the military might of the enemies through relentless struggle between Islam and paganism.
The Prophet had also profound insight and could differentiate the faithful from the hypocrites and
plotters.
Great was the group of military leaders who fought and excelled the Persians and the Byzantines in the
battlefields of Ash-Sham and Iraq with respect to war strategy and leading the fight procedures. The
very leaders, who succeeded Muhammad (Peace be upon him) , managed to drive off the enemies of
Islam, from their lands and countries, their gardens and springs, and their farms. They drove them off
their honourable residence and from the grace and provisions they owned and enjoyed. Those Muslim
leaders were all Muhammad’s men. They were imbued with the spirit of Islam at the hand of the
Prophet (Peace be upon him).
Thanks to these battles, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) managed accommodation,
secured land and provided chances of work for all Muslims. He, even, made a lot of inquiries about the
refugee problems who (then) had no houses or fortunes. He equipped the army with weapons, horses
and expenditures. He had all that realized without exercising a particle weight of injustice. The Prophet
(Peace be upon him) has altered the standards and aims of pre-Islamic wars. Their war was no more
than robbing, killing, plundering, tyranny and aggression-oriented wars. Those wars focused on winning
victory, oppressing the weakling and demolishing their houses and constructions. For them, war was a
means by which they can rape or unveil women, practise cruelty against the weakling, the babies and
small children, spoil tillage and race, and spread corruption on the earth. Islamic wars are different
from pre-Islamic wars. A “war” in Islam is a Jihad. That is to say it is a noble sacred fight in the way of
Allâh for the verification of a Muslim society that seeks to free man from oppression, tyranny and
aggression. It is a society that everyone everywhere and at all times should be proud of.Pre-Islamic
thoughts and traditions of Al-Jahiliyah period have been turned upside down by Islam. These were so
hard upon the weakling that they had to invoke Allâh to enable them to get away from that pre-Islamic
environment by saying:
l “
Our Lord, rescue us from this town whose people are oppressors, and raise for us from You one
who will protect, and raise for us from You one who will help.”
The war of corruption, slaying and robbing that used to prevail has now turned into a sacred one, AlJihad.
One
deeds and aggression. It is a sacred war that aims at spreading security, safety, mercy and compassion
as well as observing the rights and magnanimity. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had
issued honourable strict rules about war and bade his soldiers and leaders to comply with them. They
were forbidden to break those rules under any circumstances. In reference to Sulaiman bin Buraidah’s
version, who said that his father had told him that whenever the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him) appointed a leader on an army or on a battalion, he used to recommend him to fear Allâh, the
Great and All-Mighty, when dealing with those who were closest to him and to be good with all Muslims.
Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) would say to him:
l
“
Let your invasion be in the Name of Allâh and for His sake. Fight those who disbelieve in Allâh.
Invade but do not exaggerate nor commit treachery. Never deform the corpse of a dead person
or kill an infant child.”
The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) asked people to facilitate but he forbade them to bear
down hard on others or constrain. “Pacify”, he said, “and do not disincline”. When it happened that he
arrived at the battlefield by night, he would never invade the enemy till it was morning. He utterly
forbade burning (i.e. torturing people) in fire, killing children and women or even beating them. He also
forbade theft and robbery and proceeded so far as to say gains acquired through plundering are not
less forbidden than the flesh of a corpse. Corruption of tillage and race and cutting down of trees were
all forbidden unless they were badly needed and there was no other substitute:
l “Do not kill a wounded person nor run after a fleeing one or kill a captive.”
He decreed that envoys cannot be killed. He also stressed on not killing those who made covenants. He
even said:
l “He whoever kills one who is under pledge to a covenant shall not smell Paradise, though its
smell could be experienced at a forty-year distance from it.”
There were some other noble rules which purified wars from their Al-Jahiliyah (pre-Islamic) filthiness
and turned them into sacred wars.
DURING THIS YEAR MANY EVENTS OF GREAT SIGNIFICANCE TOOK PLACE THEY WERE:
1.After the Messenger’s return from Tabuk, the sworn allegation of infidelity between ‘Uwaimir Al‘Ajlani
and his wife took place.
2.Pelting with stones the Ghamidiyah woman who confessed committing adultery. She was pelted
with stones only after weaning her child off her breast milk.
3.Negus Ashama; the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), died so the Prophet (Peace be upon him)
performed prayer in absentia for him.
4.The death of Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Prophet (Peace be upon him), the Prophet felt
extremely sad at her death. “Had I got a third daughter, I would let you marry her.” He said to
‘Uthman.
5.The death of ‘Abdullah bin Abi Salool, the head of hypocrites, after the Prophet’s return from
Tabuk. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) asked Allâh’s forgiveness for him. He also
prayed for him in spite of ‘Umar’s disapproval and his attempt to prevent him from doing that.
Later on a Qur’ânic verse was revealed attesting to ‘Umar’s right viewpoint.
ABU BAKR (May Allah be pleased with him) PERFORMS THE PILGRIMAGE:
In the month Dhul-Qa‘dah or in Dhul-Hijjah of the very year (the ninth of Al-Hijra), the Messenger of
Allâh (Peace be upon him) dispatched Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him), the truthful, as a
deputy prince of Al-Hajj (pilgrimage), so that he would lead the Muslims in performing of the pilgrimage
rituals.
Soon after the departure of the Muslims, there came a Revelation from Allâh: the opening passages of
the Chapter 9 entitled ‘Repentance’ (Surah Tauba or Bara’a) in which ‘freedom from obligation’ is
proclaimed from Allâh in regard to those idolatrous tribes who had shown no respect for the treaties
which they had entered into with the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Communication of this news went in
line with the Arabian traditions of making public any change relating to declining conventions of blood
and fortunes.
‘
Ali bin Abi Talib was deputed to make this declaration. He overtook Abu Bakr at Al‘
Arj
commissioned to make the announcement. “I have been deputed to make the proclamation only”
replied ‘Ali. The two Companions then proceeded with the pilgrimage process. Towards the close of the
rituals, on the day of the ritual sacrifice, ‘Ali stood at Al-Jamrah (a spot at which stones are pelted) and
read aloud to the multitudes that thronged around him and declared quittance from covenants with
idolaters and giving them four months’ respite to reconsider their position. As for the other idolaters
with whom the believers had a treaty and had abated nothing of the Muslims’ rights nor had supported
anyone against them, then the terms of the treaty would run valid until the duration of which expired.
Abu Bakr then sent some Muslims to declare publicly that no disbeliever would after that year perform
pilgrimage, nor would anyone be allowed to make the Tawaf (going round) of the Sacred House
unclothed.
That proclamation in fact vetoed all aspects of paganism out of Arabia and stated quite unequivocally
that those pre-Islam practices were no longer in operation.
A MEDITATION ON THE GHAZWAT:
Meditation on the Prophet’s Ghazawat, missions, and the battalions he formed and dispatched, will
certainly give us and everybody a true and clear impression that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was
the greatest military leader in the whole world as well as the most righteous, the most insightful and the most alert one. He was not a man of superior genius for this concern but he was also the Master
and the greatest of all Messengers as far as Prophethood and Heavenly Message are concerned.
Besides, all the battles that he had fought were standard in their application to the requirements of
strictness, bravery, and good arrangements that fitted the terms and conditions of war. None of the
battles he fought was lost as a consequence of shortage of wisdom or due to any other technical error
in army mobilization or a location in a wrong strategical position. The loss of any of his battle was not
due to misjudgement about occupying the best and the most appropriate sites of battles, nor was it due
to a mischoice of leaders of the fight, for he had proved himself to be a peculiar sort of leader that
differs from any of those leaders that our world had known and experienced. As regards Uhud and
Hunain events, there were consequences of weakness in some military elements in Hunain; and
disobedience to orders in Uhud. Their non-compliance with wisdom and the plan of the battle played a
passive role in the course of those two invasions.
His genius was clearly shown in these two battles when the Muslims were defeated; for he stoodfast
facing the enemy and managed, by his super wisdom, to thwart the enemy’s aim as was the case in
Uhud. Similarly he managed to change the Muslims’ defeat in Hunain into a victory. Nothwithstanding
the fact that serious grave developments in military operations usually leave the worst impression on
the military leaders and entice them to flee for their lives.
We have, so far, discussed the mere aspects of military leadership of the invasions. On the other hand,
through these invasions he was able to impose security, institute peace, diffuse dissension and destroy
the military might of the enemies through relentless struggle between Islam and paganism.
The Prophet had also profound insight and could differentiate the faithful from the hypocrites and
plotters.
Great was the group of military leaders who fought and excelled the Persians and the Byzantines in the
battlefields of Ash-Sham and Iraq with respect to war strategy and leading the fight procedures. The
very leaders, who succeeded Muhammad (Peace be upon him) , managed to drive off the enemies of
Islam, from their lands and countries, their gardens and springs, and their farms. They drove them off
their honourable residence and from the grace and provisions they owned and enjoyed. Those Muslim
leaders were all Muhammad’s men. They were imbued with the spirit of Islam at the hand of the
Prophet (Peace be upon him).
Thanks to these battles, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) managed accommodation,
secured land and provided chances of work for all Muslims. He, even, made a lot of inquiries about the
refugee problems who (then) had no houses or fortunes. He equipped the army with weapons, horses
and expenditures. He had all that realized without exercising a particle weight of injustice. The Prophet
(Peace be upon him) has altered the standards and aims of pre-Islamic wars. Their war was no more
than robbing, killing, plundering, tyranny and aggression-oriented wars. Those wars focused on winning
victory, oppressing the weakling and demolishing their houses and constructions. For them, war was a
means by which they can rape or unveil women, practise cruelty against the weakling, the babies and
small children, spoil tillage and race, and spread corruption on the earth. Islamic wars are different
from pre-Islamic wars. A “war” in Islam is a Jihad. That is to say it is a noble sacred fight in the way of
Allâh for the verification of a Muslim society that seeks to free man from oppression, tyranny and
aggression. It is a society that everyone everywhere and at all times should be proud of.Pre-Islamic
thoughts and traditions of Al-Jahiliyah period have been turned upside down by Islam. These were so
hard upon the weakling that they had to invoke Allâh to enable them to get away from that pre-Islamic
environment by saying:
l “
Our Lord, rescue us from this town whose people are oppressors, and raise for us from You one
who will protect, and raise for us from You one who will help.”
The war of corruption, slaying and robbing that used to prevail has now turned into a sacred one, AlJihad.
One
deeds and aggression. It is a sacred war that aims at spreading security, safety, mercy and compassion
as well as observing the rights and magnanimity. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had
issued honourable strict rules about war and bade his soldiers and leaders to comply with them. They
were forbidden to break those rules under any circumstances. In reference to Sulaiman bin Buraidah’s
version, who said that his father had told him that whenever the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him) appointed a leader on an army or on a battalion, he used to recommend him to fear Allâh, the
Great and All-Mighty, when dealing with those who were closest to him and to be good with all Muslims.
Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) would say to him:
l
“
Let your invasion be in the Name of Allâh and for His sake. Fight those who disbelieve in Allâh.
Invade but do not exaggerate nor commit treachery. Never deform the corpse of a dead person
or kill an infant child.”
The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) asked people to facilitate but he forbade them to bear
down hard on others or constrain. “Pacify”, he said, “and do not disincline”. When it happened that he
arrived at the battlefield by night, he would never invade the enemy till it was morning. He utterly
forbade burning (i.e. torturing people) in fire, killing children and women or even beating them. He also
forbade theft and robbery and proceeded so far as to say gains acquired through plundering are not
less forbidden than the flesh of a corpse. Corruption of tillage and race and cutting down of trees were
all forbidden unless they were badly needed and there was no other substitute:
l “Do not kill a wounded person nor run after a fleeing one or kill a captive.”
He decreed that envoys cannot be killed. He also stressed on not killing those who made covenants. He
even said:
l “He whoever kills one who is under pledge to a covenant shall not smell Paradise, though its
smell could be experienced at a forty-year distance from it.”
There were some other noble rules which purified wars from their Al-Jahiliyah (pre-Islamic) filthiness
and turned them into sacred wars.
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