PEOPLE EMBRACE THE RELIGION OF ALLAH IN LARGE CROWDS:
The invasion and the conquest of Makkah was — as we have already stated — a decisive battle that
destroyed paganism utterly. The Arabs as a result of that battle were able to differentiate the truth
from the error. Delusion no longer existed in their life. So they raced to embrace Islam. ‘Amr bin
Salamah said: “We were at a water (spring) where the passage of people was. So when camel riders
passed by us we used to ask them: ‘What is the matter with people? What is this man (i.e. the Prophet)
like?’ They would say, ‘He claims that Allâh has revealed so and so.’ I used to memorize those words as
if they had been recited within my chest. The Arabs used to ascribe their Islamization to the conquest.
They would say: ‘Leave him alone to face his people. If he were a truthful Prophet he would overcome
them.’ So when the conquest took place, peoples hastened to declare their Islam. My father was the
quickest of all my people to embrace Islam. Arriving at his people he said: ‘By Allâh I have just verily
been to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) . And he said: ‘Perform so a prayer at such a time, and so
and so prayers at such and such time. When the prayer time is due let one of you call for the prayer
and appoint the most learned of the Qur’ân among you to be an Imam (leader) of yours.” This
Prophetic tradition manifests the great effect of the conquest of Makkah on the phase of events. It
certainly shows the influence of the conquest of Makkah upon the consolidation of Islam as well as on
the Arabs’ stand and their surrender to Islam. That influence was absolutely confirmed and deeply
rooted after the invasion of Tabuk. A clear and an obvious evidence of that influence could be deduced
from the great number of delegations arriving in Madinah successively in the ninth and tenth years of
Al-Hijra. The immense crowds of people who raced to embrace the religion of Allâh and the great army
which included ten thousand fighters in the invasion of the conquest of Makkah had grown big enough
to include thirty thousand fighters sharing in Tabuk invasion. It was only in less than a year after the
conquest of Makkah that this growth in Islamic army had taken place. A hundred thousand or a
hundred and forty four thousand Muslim pilgrims shared in Hajjatul -Wada‘ (i.e. Farewell Pilgrimage); it
was such an enormous number of Muslims surging — as an ocean of men — round the Messenger of
Allâh (Peace be upon him) , that the horizon echoed their voices and the expanses of land shook
whereby while saying Labbaik (i.e. Lord, here we are worshipping), glorifying and magnifying Allâh, and
thanking Him.
THE DELEGATIONS:
The number of delegations listed in Ahl Al-Maghazi were over seventy. Investigating such a large
number is not an accessible thing; besides stating them in detail is not of a great benefit. Therefore, I
am going to reveal an expose about what is historically wonderful or highly significant. Anyway a reader
should always keep in mind that whilst the majority of tribes arrived in Madinah after the conquest,
there were also pre-conquest delegations.
1.The delegation of ‘Abdul Qais: This tribe had two arrivals. The first was in the fifth year of AlHijra
2.Their second arrival was in the Year of Delegations. They were forty men. Al-Jarud bin Al-‘Alâ’ Al‘Abdi,
3.Daws Delegation: The arrival of this tribe was in the early times of the seventh year and that was
when the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was in Khaibar. At-Tufail bin ‘Amr Ad-Dawsi,
that we have already talked about and explained how he became a Muslim at the time the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was in Makkah. He went back home to his people where
he kept calling people to Islam but they tarried till he despaired of them and returned to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and asked him to invoke Allâh against Daws but the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) invoked Allâh to guide Daws. Later on, Daws embraced
Islam. So At-Tufail arrived in Madinah accompanied by seventy or eighty families of his people in
the early times of the seventh year of Al-Hijra, at the time that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) was at Khaibar, so he overtook him there.
4.Farwah Bani ‘Amr Al-Judhami’s messenger: Farwah was an Arab leader in the Byzantine army.
He was a Byzantine agent ruler by proxy on the Arabs allied to the Byzantines. His home was at
Mu‘an and the surrounding area of Ash-Sham lands. Seeing the stamina and courage of the
Muslims he became a Muslim. The battle of Mu’tah — which took place in the eighth year of AlHijra
—
compelled
his
admiration.
He
sent
a
white
mule
gift
with
a
messenger
of
his
to
the
Messenger
of
Allâh
(Peace
be
upon
him)
to
inform
him
of
his
conversion
into
Islam.
When
the
Byzantines
learnt
of
his
embracing
Islam,
they
sent
him
to
prison.
At
first
they
gave
him
an
opportunity
to
choose
one
of
the
two
—
“either
he
defects
from
Islam
or
death
shall
be
his
punishment.”
Refusing
to
defect
they
crucified
him
and
cut
his
neck
at
a
water
(fountain)
called
‘Afra’ in Palestine.
5.Sudâ’ Delegation: The arrival of this delegation was after the departure of the Messenger of Allâh
(Peace be upon him) from Al-Ji‘ranah in the eighth year of Al-Hi. It was because the Messenger
of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had already dispatched a mission that comprised four hundred
Muslims and asked them to go to where Sudâ’ was. Sudâ’ was (a fresh-water fountain) in
Yemen. While the mission was camping there at the starting point of a canal. Ziyad bin Al-Harith
As-Sudâ’i learned of their stay, so he came to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and
said: “I have come to you as a deputy of my people, so tell your army to go back and I
guarantee of my people.” The army were sent away off the canal. In his turn As-Sudâ’i went
back, cherished and urged his people to come and meet the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him). Eventually fifteen of them came and pledged allegiance to him as true Muslims. Returning
home, they in their turn, urged the rest to be Muslims. Thus Islam spread among them. Later on,
a hundred men joined the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) in Hajjatul-Wada‘ (Farewell
Pilgrimage.)
6.The arrival of Ka‘b bin Zuhair bin Abi Sulma: Ka‘b who was a member of a family of poets, was
considered one of the most poetic Arab poets. He used to satirize the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) when he wasn’t a Muslim. In the eighth year of Al-Hijra and at the time that the Messenger
of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had already gone back from At-Ta’if invasion, Bujair bin Zuhair
wrote a letter to his brother Ka‘b warning and advising him: “The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) had killed some men in Makkah who used to satirize and harm him, and that the other
poets who had survived fled in all directions for their lives. So if you want to save your skin,
hasten to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him). He never kills those who resort to him as
repentant. If you refuse to do as I tell, it is up to you to try to save your skin by any means.” The
two brothers corresponded with one another for a long time till Ka‘b was awkward and felt as if
the earth had constrained on him. Arriving in Madinah, he stayed at a man’s house from
Juhainah as a guest. They performed the dawn prayer together; but when he was about to leave,
the man suggested that he go to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him). He went there, sat
by him, put his hand in his. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) who had never seen
Ka‘b before, did not recognize him. Ka‘b then said: “O, Messenger of Allâh! Ka‘b bin Zuhair has
come to you as a repentant Muslim; will he be secure and forgiven if I fetch him?” The
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) said, “Yes.” “I am Ka‘b bin Zuhair,” said he. Upon
hearing that one of the Helpers rose to his feet and asked the Messenger’s allowance to cut his
throat. “Leave him alone!” Said the Prophet (Peace be upon him), “He has become a repentant
Muslim after his disposal of the past.” Ka‘b then recited his well-known poem “Su‘ad appeared...”
in which he praised the Prophet (Peace be upon him) , thanked him and apologized for the
wrongs he had done. He acknowledged Muhammad’s mission. Both Emigrants and Helpers were
spoken of in this poem but differently. He praised the Emigrants but criticized the Helpers, for
one of them demanded a Prophet’s permission to kill him. Later on Ka‘b tried to compensate for
that by praising the Helpers too but that was in another poem.
7.‘Udharah Delegation: This delegation which consisted of twelve men, had arrived in Madinah in
Safar, the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They spent three days there. One of them was Hamza bin An-Nu‘man. When they were asked who they were, they said “We are Bani ‘Udharah, the foster
brothers of Qusai to his mother. We are the ones who supported Qusai, and removed Khuza’a
and Bani Bakr from the bosom of Makkah. We have relatives and kinspeople.” So the Messenger
of Allâh (Peace be upon him) welcomed them and gave good tidings to them, which was AshSham
Conquest;
but
he,
on
the
other
hand,
forbade
them
from
consulting
a
soothsayer
and
from
eating
the
slain
animals
they
slaughtered.
Eventually
they
became
Muslims,
stayed
there
for
several
days
then
went
back.
8.Bali Delegation: Their arrival was in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal, the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They embraced
Islam, stayed in Madinah for three days. Their chief Abu Ad-Dabeeb wondered whether
hospitality was rewarded by Allâh. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) said:
l
¡ “
Yes, and so is any charity you offer to poor or rich people that is Sadaqah.”
He also inquired about the time allotted to hospitality. “Three days,” said he. “What about the
stray ewe?” The Prophet said: “It is either yours or your brother’s, otherwise it goes to the wolf.”
He inquired about the stray camel. “It is not of your business. Leave it alone! Its owner will try to
find it.”
8.Thaqif Delegation: Their arrival was in Ramadan, the ninth year of Al-Hijra, after the return of
the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) from Tabuk. As to how they became Muslims, this
could be deduced from the following:
9.Their chief ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud Ath-Thaqafi came to see the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him) after the latter’s return from At-Ta’if in Dhul-Qa‘dah in the year 8 A.H. ‘Urwah became a
Muslim. He thought that when he will tell his people and call them to embrace Islam, they would
obey him, because he had always been an obeyed Master. He was even more beloved to them
than their own firstborn. But contrary to that, when he called them to Islam they shot arrows at
him from everywhere and killed him. They remained as they were for months before they started
discussing the situation again among themselves. Upon realizing that they were incapable of
fighting the neighbouring Arabs who had paid allegiance to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and
converted to Islam, they made up their mind to dispatch a man to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace
be upon him). They concluded that ‘Abd Yalail bin ‘Amr would be the right messenger.
‘Abd refused to do such a thing lest they should kill him as they had killed ‘Urwah. “I will not do
such a thing till you send some other men with me,” said ‘Abd. So they sent two men of their
allies and three others from Bani Malik. The six of them including ‘Uthman bin Abi Al-‘As AthThaqafi
who was the youngest among themall.
When they entered into the Prophet’s (Peace be upon him) audience, a tent was pitched up in a
corner of the mosque so that they might listen to the Qur’ân and see people at prayer. During
their stay they came again and again to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) who kept on calling
them to embrace Islam, till their chief asked the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) to
enter into a peace treaty between him and Thaqif by means of which he allows them to commit
fornication, drink wine and deal with usury. They also asked him not to injure their tyrant idol
“
Al-Lat” or to oblige them to perform the prayer. Finally they insisted that they would not knock
down the idols themselves. But the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) turned down all their
requests. They went aside to council. Realizing that there were no other alternatives they yielded
and professed Islam. The only condition that they insisted on was that the demolition of Al-Lat
should be dealt with and handled by the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) whereas Thaqif
should in no way knock it down themselves. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) agreed
and took a pledge with them.
Being the most attentive and the keenest to study jurisprudence and learn Qur’ân, ‘Uthman bin
Abi Al-‘As was appointed by the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) a prince on his people. His keenness and carefulness to learn the Qur’ân and study jurisprudence were clearly
discernible through his behaviour during their stay.
Everyday morning, the group of delegates used to go and see the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him). Being the youngest one, ‘Uthman bin Abi Al‘
As
was
left
behind
with
their
camels
and
things to keep an eye on. At noon when they came back and slept, ‘Uthman used to go to the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) in order to learn the Qur’ân and inquire about religious
matters. If it happened that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was asleep, he would
then go to Abu Bakr for the same purpose. With the pof time, he turned out to be a source of
blessing to his people. For at the Apostasy Times (Ar-Riddah) when Thaqif were determined to
apostatize, he addressed them saying: “O, folkmen of Thaqif! You have been the latest at
embracing Islam, so do not be the first to apostatize.” Consequently they gave up apostasy and
clung fast to Islam.
The group of delegates returned home but they were determined to conceal the truth for a while.
They told their people to expect fight at any moment. They pretended to be grieved and
depressed. They claimed that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) demanded that they
should embrace Islam and abandon adultery, drinking wine and dealing with usury and some
other things, or else he would fight them. Seized by the arrogance and zeal of Al-Jahiliyah (preIslamic
traditions),
Thaqif
remained
for
days
intent
on
fighting.
Then
Allâh
cast
terror
and
dismay
in
their
hearts
in
such
a
way
that
they
gave
up
fighting
and
thought
that
the
delegation
should
go
back
to
him
and
announce
their
approval.
It
was
until
then
that
the
group
of
delegates
told
them
the
truth
and
revealed
the
items
of
their
peace-talk
with
the
Prophet,
consequently
Thaqif
embraced
Islam.
The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) sent some men to demolish the idol called “Al-Lat”
under the command of Khalid bin Al-Waleed. Al-Mugheerah bin Shu‘bah, stood to his feet, held
the hoe and the ax and said: “By Allâh, I will make you laugh at Thaqif.” He struck with them,
and pretended to fall down while running. The people of Thaqif trembled at that sight and said:
“May Allâh dismay Al-Mugheerah off. The goddess has killed him.” Hearing that Al-Mugheerah
leapt up to his feet and said: “May Allâh bring shame on you. Al-Lat is nothing but a mass of dirt
and stones.” Then he struck the door and broke it. He mounted its highest wall, and so did the
other men. They knocked Al-Lat down till they levelled it with the ground. Then they dug up its
foundation and brought out its jewels and garments; to the great astonishment of Thaqif. Khalid
bin Al-Waleed and his group came back to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) carrying
Al-Lat’s jewels and garments. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) distributed them and
thanked Allâh for helping his Prophet and solidifying his religion.
10.The message of the Yemeni kings: After the return of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him) from Tabuk, a message came to him from the kings of Himyar, Al-Harith bin ‘Abd Kilal,
Na‘eem bin ‘Abd Kilal, An-Nu‘man bin Qeel Dhi Ra‘in, Hamdan and Mu‘afir. Their messenger was
Malik bin Murrah Ar-Rahawi. They sent him in order to inform the Prophet (Peace be upon him)
about their embracing Islam and their parting with polytheism. In reply to their message, the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) gave them the pledge of Allâh and the pledge of His
Messenger provided they paid the tribute, which was still overdue. He sent to them some of his
Companions under the command of Mu‘adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with him).
11.Hamdan Delegation: The arrival of this delegation was in the ninth year of Al-Hijra after the
Messenger’s return from Tabuk. So the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) gave them a
pledge to guarantee the fulfillment of their demands. He sent to them Malik bin An-Namt as their
chief, and appointed him as an agent on those of his people who embraced Islam. Khalid bin AlWaleed
was appointed for them all with a purpose of calling them upon him) was briefed on the content of that letter, so he prostrated, then raised his head up
and said: “Peace be upon Hamdan. Peace be upon Hamdan.”
12.The Delegation of Bani Fazarah: Upon the Messenger’s return from Tabuk, the delegation of Bani
Fazarah came to see him. That was in the ninth year of Al-Hijra. The group of delegates were
over ten men. They came in order to profess Islam and complain about the drought of their
region. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) ascended the pulpit, lifted his hands up and
implored Allâh to send rain forth onto them and said:
l “
O Allâh let rain fall down, and water Your country and animals, and spread Your mercy and bring
to life the dead lands. O Allâh send rain that would be saving, comforting, and sprouting grass,
and overwhelming vast areas sooner and later. Let it be useful rain and not harmful. O Allâh let it
be rain of mercy and not rain of torture and chastisement. Let that rain not be destructive or
floody. O Allâh send us down water and help to fight the enemies.”
12.Najran’s Delegation: Najran is rather a big area of land. It was at a distance of seven trip stages
southwards of Makkah towards Yemen. It included seventy three villages. It took a fast-rider one
day ride to get there. Its military forces consisted of a hundred thousand fighters.
l Their arrival was in the year 9 A.H. The delegation comprised sixty men. Twenty-four of them
were of noble families. Three out of twenty-four were at one time leaders of Najran. Al‘Aqib,
i.e.
who was in charge of princehood and government affairs. His name was ‘Abdul Maseeh. The
second was As-Saiyid (the Master) under whose supervision were the educational and political
affairs; his name was Al-Aiham or Sharhabeel. Abu Haritha bin ‘Alqamah was the third. He was a
bishop to whom all religious presidency and spiritual leadership belonged and were his charge.
When that group of delegates arrived in Madinah, they met the Prophet (Peace be upon him),
exchanged inquiries with him; but when he called them to Islam and recited the Qur’ân to them,
they refused. They asked him what he thought about ‘Isa (i.e. Jesus), (Peace be upon him), he
(Peace be upon him) tarried a whole day till the following Qur’ânic reply was revealed to him:
¡ “
Verily, the likeness of Jesus before Allâh is the likeness of Adam. He created him from
dust, then (He) said to him: ‘Be!’ — and he was. (This is) the truth from your Lord, so be
not of those who doubt. Then whoever disputes with you concerning him (Jesus) after (all
this) knowledge that has come to you, (i.e. Jesus being a slave of Allâh, and having no
share in Divinity) say: [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] ‘Come, let us call our sons
and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves — then we pray
and invoke (sincerely) the Curse of Allâh upon those who lie.” [3:59-61]
When it was morning, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) told them what ‘Iesa (Jesus)
was in the light of the recently revealed verses. He left them a whole day to consult and think it
over. So when it was next morning and they still showed disapproval to admit Allâh’s Words
about ‘Isa or to embrace Islam, the Prophet suggested Al-Mubahala that is each party should
supplicate and implore Allâh to send His Curse upon him or them if they were telling lies. After
that suggestion of his, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) came forward wrapping Al-Hasan and
Al-Husain under his garment whereas Fatimah was walking at his back. Seeing that the Prophet
(Peace be upon him) was serious and prepared to face them firmly, they went aside and started
consulting. Al‘Aqib
prosper nor will the descendants of ours. Consequently neither us nor our animals will survive it.”
Finally they made their mind to resort to the Messenger of Allâh’s judgement about their cause.
They came to him and said: “We grant you what you have demanded.” The Messenger of Allâh
(Peace be upon him) then admitted that agreement and ordered them to pay Al-Jizya (i.e.
tribute) and he made peace with them for the provision of two thousand garments, one thousand
of them to be delivered in Rajab, the other thousand ones in Safar. With every garment they had
to pay an ounce (of gold). In return they will have the covenant of Allâh and His Messenger. He
gave them a covenant that provides for practicing their religious affairs freely. They asked the
Prophet (Peace be upon him) to appoint a trustworthy man to receive the money agreed on for
peace, so he sent them the trustworthy man of this nation Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah to receive
the amounts of money agreed on in the peace treaty.
By the time Islam started to spread in Najran, naturally, they did not have to pay Al-Jizya that
usually non-Muslims paid. Whatever the case was, it was said that Al-Aqib and As-Saiyid
embraced Islam as soon as they reached Najran on their journey back home. It is also said that
the Prophet (Peace be upon him) sent to them ‘Ali too, for the collection of charities and tribute.
13.Bani Haneefa Delegation: They arrived in Madinah in the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They were 17 in
number and included the Master of Liars, Musailima bin Thumamah bin Kabeer bin Habeeb bin
Al-Harith of Bani Haneefa The group of delegates were housed in a Helper’s house. They came to
the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and declared their Islamization. As for Musailima the liar,
versions vary concerning his embracing Islam. Contemplation of all these versions shows clearly
that Musailima expressed disapproval and revealed haughtiness, boastful spirit and expectations
to be a prince.
l
At first the Prophet (Peace be upon him) attempted going on well with him. he dealt with him
nicely and charitably but that did not do with him. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him)
perceived evil in his soul and recognized that he was one of those three evils he dreamt of while
asleep.
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) had already dreamt that he had been granted the treasures of
earth. His hand fell upon two golden bracelets, which distressed and worried him a lot. He was
taught by inspiration to blow them off, so he did that and they were gone off. They were
interpreted to be two liars who would turn up after the death of Muhammad (Peace be upon
him). So when Musailima acted that way and showed disapproval, he realized that he would be
one of the two liars. However Musailima used to say, “If Muhammad appointed me a successor of
his, I would be a Muslim. Later on the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) came to him, with
a piece of palm leaf in his hand, and in the company of his orator, Thabit bin Qais bin Shammas.
He was among some of his friends. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) talked to him but Musailima
addressed him saying: “If you agree to transfer the whole thing to me after your death, I will not
stand in your way.” The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) replied: “If you asked me to
give you this (i.e. a piece of a palm leaf), I would not grant it to you. You are doomed. Even if
you repented and stopped what you were doing, Allâh appointed that you would be slain. By
Allâh, I swear, that I see you now in the very state that has been revealed to me. Here is Thabit!
You will hear my answer (from him).” Then he went away.
Finally, the Prophet’s predictions of Musailima came true; for when Musailima returned to
Yamama, he kept on thinking about the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and how he would be his
partner. His dreams and thoughts went so far as to claim that he himself was a prophet. To
confirm his prophecy he started uttering rhymed statements. He said that it was lawful to drink
wine and commit adultery. He, however, bore witness that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) was a real Prophet. His people, who were fascinated by what he allowed them to do,
followed him and made bargains with him. He grew so prominent among them that they called
him the beneficent of Al-Yamama. He wrote to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him)
saying: “I have been appointed an associate with you, so I will have a half and Quraish will have
the other half of the people’s affairs.” The Messenger of Allâh’s reply was a letter saying that:
¡ “Verily, the earth is Allâh’s. He gives it as a heritage to whom He will of His slaves, and the
(blessed) end is for the Muttaqûn (pious).” [7:128]
On the authority of Ibn Mas‘ud, he says: When the two messengers of Musailima — Ibn An-
Nawaha and Ibn Athal — came to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), he asked them:
“Do you bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allâh?” Their reply was “We testify that
Musailima is the Messenger of Allâh.” “I believe in Allâh and in His Messenger,” said the Prophet
(Peace be upon him), “If I had ever thought of killing a messenger I would have killed you both.”
Musailima’s pretence to prophethood was in the tenth year of Al-Hijra. But he was killed in AlYamama
war
during
Abu
Bakr
As-Siddeeq
era,
in
Rabi‘
Al-Awwal,
in
the
twelfth
year
of
Al-Hijra.
He
was
killed
by
Wahshi,
the
killer
of
Hamzah.
The
second
person
who
claimed
to
be
a
prophet
was Al-Aswad Al‘
Ansi
who
was
in
Yemen.
He
was
killed
by Fairuz.
His
head
was
cut
off
a
day
and
a
night
before
the
Prophet’s
death.
So
when
the
delegates
came
he
told
them
the
news
that
reached him through Divine Revelation. News about his death reached Abu Bakr (May Allah be
pleased with him) from Yemen.
14.The Delegation of Bani ‘Amir bin Sa‘sa‘a: Among the group of delegates were ‘Amir bin At-Tufail
—
the enemy of Allâh, Arbad bin Qais — Labid’s maternal brother, Khalid bin Ja‘far, and Jabbar
bin Aslam. All of them were the leaders and satans of their people. ‘Amir was the one who
double-crossed the group of Ma‘una well. When this delegation made their mind to come to
Madinah, ‘Amir and Arbad conspired to kill the Prophet (Peace be upon him). So when the group
of delegates arrived, ‘Amir kept on talking to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) whereas Arbad
turned aside trying to draw his sword. He managed to draw a span of hand long but Allâh stilled
his hand so that he was unable to proceed with its withdrawal. Allâh protected the Prophet
(Peace be upon him). The Prophet (Peace be upon him) invoked Allâh against them. So when
they returned, Allâh sent down a thunderbolt unto Arbad and his camel and he was burnt. As for
‘
Amir he called at a house of a woman who was from Bani Salul and had a gland sore. He
eventually died while he was saying: “What am I like? I have a gland similar to a camel’s. And
here I am dying in the house of the woman from Bani Salul.”
15.In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is narrated that ‘Amir came to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and said:
“
I grant you an opportunity to choose one of two: you will have the flat land people and I will
have townspeople; or I will succeed you. Otherwise, I will invade your people with a thousand
he-camels and a thousand she-camels.” But, later on he got plague-stricken in a woman’s house.
So he said: “What! I have a gland similar to a camel’s, and here I am in a woman’s house of Bani
so and so people. Fetch me my mare!” He mounted it but died on its back.
16.Tujeeb Delegation: They came to Madinah carrying the surplus of charities (Sadaqat) of their
people. That is to say the extra charities they had after they had distributed the poor-due. They
were thirteen men. They asked about the Qur’ân and Sunnah (the Prophet’s saying, deeds and
sanctions) so that they might learn them. They demanded things from the Messenger of Allâh
(Peace be upon him) to which he gave them pledges. They did not stay long; so when the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) acknowledged their demands and allowed them to
depart, they sent him a boy whom they had already left at their property. The young man said to
the Prophet (Peace be upon him): “By Allâh, I swear, I have left my home (for Madinah) with a
purpose that you invoke Allâh, the Great and All-Mighty for me to forgive me and have mercy on
me and to make my heart a source of content and sufficiency.” The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) supplicated Allâh to grant him what he demanded.
17.From that time on, he was the most contented person. In Ar-Riddah (i.e. the Apostasy Times),
he stoodfast as a Muslim and warned his people and reminded them of Aâh and went on
preaching them till they stoodfast and did not apostatize. The group of delegates met the
Prophet (Peace be upon him) again in the Farewell Pilgrimage in the tenth year of Al-Hijra.
18.Tai’ Delegation: One of that group of delegates who came to meet the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) was Zaid Al-Khail. They talked to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) who urged them to
embrace Islam. They agreed and grew good Muslims. About Zaid, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace
be upon him) said: “The Arabs are never exact at estimating people. They have never told me
about the virtues of a man correctly; for when I see the man concerned I realize that they have
overestimated him except Zaid Al-Khail, when I met him I knew that they had underestimated
him.” Then he named him ‘Zaid Al-Khair’ (i.e. Zaid, the bounteous).
The delegations arrived successively in Madinah during the ninth and tenth of Al-Hijra. Biographers and
invasion-writers have written down about some of Yemen delegations. They were Al-Azd; Bani Sa‘d
Hadheem from Quda‘ah, Bani ‘Amir bin Qais; Bani Asad, Bahra’, Khaulan, Muharib, Bani Al-Harith bin
Ka‘b, Ghamid, Bani Al-Muntafiq, Salaman, Bani ‘Abs, Muzainah, Murad, Zabid, Kinda, Dhi Murrah, Ghassan, Bani ‘Aish, and Nakh‘ which were the last group of delegates. Nakh‘ Delegation comprised two
hundred men and they arrived in the middle of Muharram in the eleventh year of Al-Hijra. The majority
of these groups of delegates arrived during the ninth and tenth years of Al-Hijra. The arrival of some of
them tarried till the eleventh year of Al-Hijra.
The succession of these delegations indicated the great degree of the entire acceptance which the
Islamic Call reached. It manifested its influence and domination on vast areas of Arabia . The Arabs
observed Al-Madinah with such a great respect and estimation that they could do nothing but surrender
and submit to it. Al-Madinah had become the headquarters of all Arabia; so it was impossible to avoid
it. We dare not say that all the Arabians were possessed and enchanted by this religion. There were lots
of hard-hearted bedouins — among the Arabs — who surrendered (i.e. became Muslims) only because
their master did so. Their souls were not sanctified yet. Their tendency to raids had been deeply rooted
in their souls. The teachings of Islam had not crystallized their souls well yet. Accounting some of them
the Qur’ân says:
l “The bedouins are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely to be in ignorance of the
limits (Allâh’s Commandments and His legal laws, etc.) which Allâh has revealed to His
Messenger. And Allâh is All-Knower, All-Wise. And of the bedouins there are some who look upon
what they spend (in Allâh’s cause) as a fine and watch for calamities for you, on them be the
calamity of evil. And Allâh is All-Hearer, All-Knower.” [9:97,98]
The Qur’ân praised others saying:
l“And of the bedouins there are some who believe in Allâh and the Last Day, and look upon what
they spend in Allâh’s cause as approaches to Allâh, and a cause of receiving the Messenger’s
invocations. Indeed these are an approach for them. Allâh will admit them to His Mercy. Certainly
Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [9:99]
Those of them who were present at Makkah, Madinah and Thaqif and in many other areas of Al-Yemen
and Al-Bahrain were different because Islam had been firmly rooted in their souls. Some of them were
great Companions and Masters of Muslims.
THE SUCCESS AND IMPACT OF THE CALL:
Before we move one more step and meditate on the last days of the Messenger of Allâh’s life, we ought
to cast a quick glance at the great work that was a peculiarity of his. That very peculiarity that made
him excel all other Prophets and Messengers and made him so superb that Allâh made him atop the
formers and the latters. It was him that was addressed by:
l “O you wrapped in garments [i.e Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]! Stand (to pray) all
night, except a little.” [73:1,2]
And said:
l “O you [Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] enveloped (in garments). Arise and warn!” [74:1,2]
So he arose and kept on like that for over twenty years. During those years he undertook to carry the
burdens of the great expectations on his shoulders for the sake of the whole mankind and humanity,
the Faith and Jihad in various fields.
The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) undertook the burdens of struggle and Al-Jihad in the
conscience of mankind which was then drowning in the illusions of Al-Jahiliyah and its images that were
loaded with the ground weights and gravitations. He took upon his shoulder to free man’s conscience
which was chained with desires and lusts. As soon as he had freed the conscience of his Companions
from the burdens and heaps of Al-Jahiliyah and earthly life, he started another battle in another field or
rather successive battles against the enemy of Allâh’s Call, and against those who conspired against it.
It was a battle against those who conspired against the believers and against those who were so careful
to tend that pure plant in its implantation before it grew up and stretched its roots in soil and extended
its branches up into the air and thus dawned upon other areas. No sooner had he finished the battles in
the Arabian Peninsula than the Byzantines began preparations to destroy this new nation on the
northern borders.
The first battle — i.e. the battle of conscience — was not over yet. It was in fact a perpetual one.
Satan, who was its leader did not spare a moment without exercising his activity in the depth of human
conscience. Muhammad (Peace be upon him), on the other hand was attending on calling to Allâh’s
religion there and he was keen on fighting that perpetual battle in all fields in spite of their hard
circumstances and the world’s conspiracy against him. He went on calling effectively and actively
surrounded by the believers who were seeking security through ceaseless toil and great patience.
The Companions acted perpetually and patiently by day and they spent the night worshipping their
Lord, reciting and memorizing the Qur’ân glorifying and magnifying Allâh and imploring Him by night;
all that at the behest of their Lord, the All-Mighty.
For over twenty years the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had been leading that progressive
steady battle, disregarding any other affairs that kept him off that noble goal. He went on that way till
the Islamic Call proved to be successful on a large scale that puzzled all men possessed of good reason.
The Islamic Call eventually prevailed all over Arabia. It removed all traces of Al-Jahiliyah from the
horizon of the peninsula. The sick minds of Al-Jahiliyah grew healthy in Islam. They did not only get rid
of idol-worship, but they also knocked them down. The general atmosphere began to echo “there is no
god but Allâh.” The calls to prayers were heard five times a day penetrating space and breaking the
silence of the dead desert and bringing back life through the new belief. Reciters and memorizers of the
Qur’ân set out northwards and southwards reciting verses of the Qur’ân and carrying out Allâh’s
injunctions.
Scattered people and tribes were united and man moved from man’s worship of man to man’s worship
of Allâh. There were no more oppressors nor oppressed; no masters nor slaves, nor people bound to
other people, nor aggressors that would practise aggression. All people were slaves of Allâh. They were
beloved brothers obeying Allâh’s rules. Thanks to Allâh they disposed of arrogance and the boastful
spirit:
l “An Arab is no better than a non-Arab. In return a non-Arab is no better than an Arab. A red
raced man was not better than a black one except in piety. Mankind are all Adam’s children and
Adam was created from dust.”
Thanks to the Islamic Call, the Arab unity had become a reality, and so was the case with human unity
and social justice as far as their earthly and heavenly affairs were concerned. The time course of events
had changed, the features on the earth’s surface and the crooked line of history had grown straight and
the mentality had been rectified.
The spirit and the corrupted conscience of people, the distorted valand measures of Al-Jahiliyah had
overwhelmed the whole world during that period of Al-Jahiliyah. The prevalence of slavery, injustice,
extravagant luxury, adultery, depression, deprivity, disbelief, stray from the straight path and
darkness; all of those were fait accomplis in spite of the existence of the heavenly religions. The
teachings of those religions had grown weak and lost all influence on men’s souls and spirits and
became mere lifeless ritual traditions.
When this Call had accomplished its role in human life, it freed mankind’s spirit of superstitions,
illusions, white slavery, corruption and man’s worship of man. Islam had freed the human society of
filth, dissolution, injustice and tyranny. There were no more social distinctions, nor clergymen’s or governors’ dictatorship. Islam had set up a world built on solid virtuous and clean foundations, it was
based on positivity, righteous construction, freedom and renewal. Truth, faith, dignity active steady
deeds, the development and improvement of means of living and reclaim of rights were all bases upon
which the Islamic state was built.
Thanks to these evolutions, Arabia witnessed such an unprecedented blessed resurrection, since
construction and establishment found its way to it. Never had its history been so religious, pious and
brilliant as it had been during those peculiar days of its life.
The invasion and the conquest of Makkah was — as we have already stated — a decisive battle that
destroyed paganism utterly. The Arabs as a result of that battle were able to differentiate the truth
from the error. Delusion no longer existed in their life. So they raced to embrace Islam. ‘Amr bin
Salamah said: “We were at a water (spring) where the passage of people was. So when camel riders
passed by us we used to ask them: ‘What is the matter with people? What is this man (i.e. the Prophet)
like?’ They would say, ‘He claims that Allâh has revealed so and so.’ I used to memorize those words as
if they had been recited within my chest. The Arabs used to ascribe their Islamization to the conquest.
They would say: ‘Leave him alone to face his people. If he were a truthful Prophet he would overcome
them.’ So when the conquest took place, peoples hastened to declare their Islam. My father was the
quickest of all my people to embrace Islam. Arriving at his people he said: ‘By Allâh I have just verily
been to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) . And he said: ‘Perform so a prayer at such a time, and so
and so prayers at such and such time. When the prayer time is due let one of you call for the prayer
and appoint the most learned of the Qur’ân among you to be an Imam (leader) of yours.” This
Prophetic tradition manifests the great effect of the conquest of Makkah on the phase of events. It
certainly shows the influence of the conquest of Makkah upon the consolidation of Islam as well as on
the Arabs’ stand and their surrender to Islam. That influence was absolutely confirmed and deeply
rooted after the invasion of Tabuk. A clear and an obvious evidence of that influence could be deduced
from the great number of delegations arriving in Madinah successively in the ninth and tenth years of
Al-Hijra. The immense crowds of people who raced to embrace the religion of Allâh and the great army
which included ten thousand fighters in the invasion of the conquest of Makkah had grown big enough
to include thirty thousand fighters sharing in Tabuk invasion. It was only in less than a year after the
conquest of Makkah that this growth in Islamic army had taken place. A hundred thousand or a
hundred and forty four thousand Muslim pilgrims shared in Hajjatul -Wada‘ (i.e. Farewell Pilgrimage); it
was such an enormous number of Muslims surging — as an ocean of men — round the Messenger of
Allâh (Peace be upon him) , that the horizon echoed their voices and the expanses of land shook
whereby while saying Labbaik (i.e. Lord, here we are worshipping), glorifying and magnifying Allâh, and
thanking Him.
THE DELEGATIONS:
The number of delegations listed in Ahl Al-Maghazi were over seventy. Investigating such a large
number is not an accessible thing; besides stating them in detail is not of a great benefit. Therefore, I
am going to reveal an expose about what is historically wonderful or highly significant. Anyway a reader
should always keep in mind that whilst the majority of tribes arrived in Madinah after the conquest,
there were also pre-conquest delegations.
1.The delegation of ‘Abdul Qais: This tribe had two arrivals. The first was in the fifth year of AlHijra
2.Their second arrival was in the Year of Delegations. They were forty men. Al-Jarud bin Al-‘Alâ’ Al‘Abdi,
3.Daws Delegation: The arrival of this tribe was in the early times of the seventh year and that was
when the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was in Khaibar. At-Tufail bin ‘Amr Ad-Dawsi,
that we have already talked about and explained how he became a Muslim at the time the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was in Makkah. He went back home to his people where
he kept calling people to Islam but they tarried till he despaired of them and returned to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and asked him to invoke Allâh against Daws but the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) invoked Allâh to guide Daws. Later on, Daws embraced
Islam. So At-Tufail arrived in Madinah accompanied by seventy or eighty families of his people in
the early times of the seventh year of Al-Hijra, at the time that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) was at Khaibar, so he overtook him there.
4.Farwah Bani ‘Amr Al-Judhami’s messenger: Farwah was an Arab leader in the Byzantine army.
He was a Byzantine agent ruler by proxy on the Arabs allied to the Byzantines. His home was at
Mu‘an and the surrounding area of Ash-Sham lands. Seeing the stamina and courage of the
Muslims he became a Muslim. The battle of Mu’tah — which took place in the eighth year of AlHijra
—
compelled
his
admiration.
He
sent
a
white
mule
gift
with
a
messenger
of
his
to
the
Messenger
of
Allâh
(Peace
be
upon
him)
to
inform
him
of
his
conversion
into
Islam.
When
the
Byzantines
learnt
of
his
embracing
Islam,
they
sent
him
to
prison.
At
first
they
gave
him
an
opportunity
to
choose
one
of
the
two
—
“either
he
defects
from
Islam
or
death
shall
be
his
punishment.”
Refusing
to
defect
they
crucified
him
and
cut
his
neck
at
a
water
(fountain)
called
‘Afra’ in Palestine.
5.Sudâ’ Delegation: The arrival of this delegation was after the departure of the Messenger of Allâh
(Peace be upon him) from Al-Ji‘ranah in the eighth year of Al-Hi. It was because the Messenger
of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had already dispatched a mission that comprised four hundred
Muslims and asked them to go to where Sudâ’ was. Sudâ’ was (a fresh-water fountain) in
Yemen. While the mission was camping there at the starting point of a canal. Ziyad bin Al-Harith
As-Sudâ’i learned of their stay, so he came to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and
said: “I have come to you as a deputy of my people, so tell your army to go back and I
guarantee of my people.” The army were sent away off the canal. In his turn As-Sudâ’i went
back, cherished and urged his people to come and meet the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him). Eventually fifteen of them came and pledged allegiance to him as true Muslims. Returning
home, they in their turn, urged the rest to be Muslims. Thus Islam spread among them. Later on,
a hundred men joined the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) in Hajjatul-Wada‘ (Farewell
Pilgrimage.)
6.The arrival of Ka‘b bin Zuhair bin Abi Sulma: Ka‘b who was a member of a family of poets, was
considered one of the most poetic Arab poets. He used to satirize the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) when he wasn’t a Muslim. In the eighth year of Al-Hijra and at the time that the Messenger
of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had already gone back from At-Ta’if invasion, Bujair bin Zuhair
wrote a letter to his brother Ka‘b warning and advising him: “The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) had killed some men in Makkah who used to satirize and harm him, and that the other
poets who had survived fled in all directions for their lives. So if you want to save your skin,
hasten to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him). He never kills those who resort to him as
repentant. If you refuse to do as I tell, it is up to you to try to save your skin by any means.” The
two brothers corresponded with one another for a long time till Ka‘b was awkward and felt as if
the earth had constrained on him. Arriving in Madinah, he stayed at a man’s house from
Juhainah as a guest. They performed the dawn prayer together; but when he was about to leave,
the man suggested that he go to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him). He went there, sat
by him, put his hand in his. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) who had never seen
Ka‘b before, did not recognize him. Ka‘b then said: “O, Messenger of Allâh! Ka‘b bin Zuhair has
come to you as a repentant Muslim; will he be secure and forgiven if I fetch him?” The
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) said, “Yes.” “I am Ka‘b bin Zuhair,” said he. Upon
hearing that one of the Helpers rose to his feet and asked the Messenger’s allowance to cut his
throat. “Leave him alone!” Said the Prophet (Peace be upon him), “He has become a repentant
Muslim after his disposal of the past.” Ka‘b then recited his well-known poem “Su‘ad appeared...”
in which he praised the Prophet (Peace be upon him) , thanked him and apologized for the
wrongs he had done. He acknowledged Muhammad’s mission. Both Emigrants and Helpers were
spoken of in this poem but differently. He praised the Emigrants but criticized the Helpers, for
one of them demanded a Prophet’s permission to kill him. Later on Ka‘b tried to compensate for
that by praising the Helpers too but that was in another poem.
7.‘Udharah Delegation: This delegation which consisted of twelve men, had arrived in Madinah in
Safar, the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They spent three days there. One of them was Hamza bin An-Nu‘man. When they were asked who they were, they said “We are Bani ‘Udharah, the foster
brothers of Qusai to his mother. We are the ones who supported Qusai, and removed Khuza’a
and Bani Bakr from the bosom of Makkah. We have relatives and kinspeople.” So the Messenger
of Allâh (Peace be upon him) welcomed them and gave good tidings to them, which was AshSham
Conquest;
but
he,
on
the
other
hand,
forbade
them
from
consulting
a
soothsayer
and
from
eating
the
slain
animals
they
slaughtered.
Eventually
they
became
Muslims,
stayed
there
for
several
days
then
went
back.
8.Bali Delegation: Their arrival was in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal, the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They embraced
Islam, stayed in Madinah for three days. Their chief Abu Ad-Dabeeb wondered whether
hospitality was rewarded by Allâh. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) said:
l
¡ “
Yes, and so is any charity you offer to poor or rich people that is Sadaqah.”
He also inquired about the time allotted to hospitality. “Three days,” said he. “What about the
stray ewe?” The Prophet said: “It is either yours or your brother’s, otherwise it goes to the wolf.”
He inquired about the stray camel. “It is not of your business. Leave it alone! Its owner will try to
find it.”
8.Thaqif Delegation: Their arrival was in Ramadan, the ninth year of Al-Hijra, after the return of
the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) from Tabuk. As to how they became Muslims, this
could be deduced from the following:
9.Their chief ‘Urwah bin Mas‘ud Ath-Thaqafi came to see the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him) after the latter’s return from At-Ta’if in Dhul-Qa‘dah in the year 8 A.H. ‘Urwah became a
Muslim. He thought that when he will tell his people and call them to embrace Islam, they would
obey him, because he had always been an obeyed Master. He was even more beloved to them
than their own firstborn. But contrary to that, when he called them to Islam they shot arrows at
him from everywhere and killed him. They remained as they were for months before they started
discussing the situation again among themselves. Upon realizing that they were incapable of
fighting the neighbouring Arabs who had paid allegiance to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and
converted to Islam, they made up their mind to dispatch a man to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace
be upon him). They concluded that ‘Abd Yalail bin ‘Amr would be the right messenger.
‘Abd refused to do such a thing lest they should kill him as they had killed ‘Urwah. “I will not do
such a thing till you send some other men with me,” said ‘Abd. So they sent two men of their
allies and three others from Bani Malik. The six of them including ‘Uthman bin Abi Al-‘As AthThaqafi
who was the youngest among themall.
When they entered into the Prophet’s (Peace be upon him) audience, a tent was pitched up in a
corner of the mosque so that they might listen to the Qur’ân and see people at prayer. During
their stay they came again and again to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) who kept on calling
them to embrace Islam, till their chief asked the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) to
enter into a peace treaty between him and Thaqif by means of which he allows them to commit
fornication, drink wine and deal with usury. They also asked him not to injure their tyrant idol
“
Al-Lat” or to oblige them to perform the prayer. Finally they insisted that they would not knock
down the idols themselves. But the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) turned down all their
requests. They went aside to council. Realizing that there were no other alternatives they yielded
and professed Islam. The only condition that they insisted on was that the demolition of Al-Lat
should be dealt with and handled by the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) whereas Thaqif
should in no way knock it down themselves. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) agreed
and took a pledge with them.
Being the most attentive and the keenest to study jurisprudence and learn Qur’ân, ‘Uthman bin
Abi Al-‘As was appointed by the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) a prince on his people. His keenness and carefulness to learn the Qur’ân and study jurisprudence were clearly
discernible through his behaviour during their stay.
Everyday morning, the group of delegates used to go and see the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him). Being the youngest one, ‘Uthman bin Abi Al‘
As
was
left
behind
with
their
camels
and
things to keep an eye on. At noon when they came back and slept, ‘Uthman used to go to the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) in order to learn the Qur’ân and inquire about religious
matters. If it happened that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was asleep, he would
then go to Abu Bakr for the same purpose. With the pof time, he turned out to be a source of
blessing to his people. For at the Apostasy Times (Ar-Riddah) when Thaqif were determined to
apostatize, he addressed them saying: “O, folkmen of Thaqif! You have been the latest at
embracing Islam, so do not be the first to apostatize.” Consequently they gave up apostasy and
clung fast to Islam.
The group of delegates returned home but they were determined to conceal the truth for a while.
They told their people to expect fight at any moment. They pretended to be grieved and
depressed. They claimed that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) demanded that they
should embrace Islam and abandon adultery, drinking wine and dealing with usury and some
other things, or else he would fight them. Seized by the arrogance and zeal of Al-Jahiliyah (preIslamic
traditions),
Thaqif
remained
for
days
intent
on
fighting.
Then
Allâh
cast
terror
and
dismay
in
their
hearts
in
such
a
way
that
they
gave
up
fighting
and
thought
that
the
delegation
should
go
back
to
him
and
announce
their
approval.
It
was
until
then
that
the
group
of
delegates
told
them
the
truth
and
revealed
the
items
of
their
peace-talk
with
the
Prophet,
consequently
Thaqif
embraced
Islam.
The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) sent some men to demolish the idol called “Al-Lat”
under the command of Khalid bin Al-Waleed. Al-Mugheerah bin Shu‘bah, stood to his feet, held
the hoe and the ax and said: “By Allâh, I will make you laugh at Thaqif.” He struck with them,
and pretended to fall down while running. The people of Thaqif trembled at that sight and said:
“May Allâh dismay Al-Mugheerah off. The goddess has killed him.” Hearing that Al-Mugheerah
leapt up to his feet and said: “May Allâh bring shame on you. Al-Lat is nothing but a mass of dirt
and stones.” Then he struck the door and broke it. He mounted its highest wall, and so did the
other men. They knocked Al-Lat down till they levelled it with the ground. Then they dug up its
foundation and brought out its jewels and garments; to the great astonishment of Thaqif. Khalid
bin Al-Waleed and his group came back to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) carrying
Al-Lat’s jewels and garments. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) distributed them and
thanked Allâh for helping his Prophet and solidifying his religion.
10.The message of the Yemeni kings: After the return of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon
him) from Tabuk, a message came to him from the kings of Himyar, Al-Harith bin ‘Abd Kilal,
Na‘eem bin ‘Abd Kilal, An-Nu‘man bin Qeel Dhi Ra‘in, Hamdan and Mu‘afir. Their messenger was
Malik bin Murrah Ar-Rahawi. They sent him in order to inform the Prophet (Peace be upon him)
about their embracing Islam and their parting with polytheism. In reply to their message, the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) gave them the pledge of Allâh and the pledge of His
Messenger provided they paid the tribute, which was still overdue. He sent to them some of his
Companions under the command of Mu‘adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with him).
11.Hamdan Delegation: The arrival of this delegation was in the ninth year of Al-Hijra after the
Messenger’s return from Tabuk. So the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) gave them a
pledge to guarantee the fulfillment of their demands. He sent to them Malik bin An-Namt as their
chief, and appointed him as an agent on those of his people who embraced Islam. Khalid bin AlWaleed
was appointed for them all with a purpose of calling them upon him) was briefed on the content of that letter, so he prostrated, then raised his head up
and said: “Peace be upon Hamdan. Peace be upon Hamdan.”
12.The Delegation of Bani Fazarah: Upon the Messenger’s return from Tabuk, the delegation of Bani
Fazarah came to see him. That was in the ninth year of Al-Hijra. The group of delegates were
over ten men. They came in order to profess Islam and complain about the drought of their
region. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) ascended the pulpit, lifted his hands up and
implored Allâh to send rain forth onto them and said:
l “
O Allâh let rain fall down, and water Your country and animals, and spread Your mercy and bring
to life the dead lands. O Allâh send rain that would be saving, comforting, and sprouting grass,
and overwhelming vast areas sooner and later. Let it be useful rain and not harmful. O Allâh let it
be rain of mercy and not rain of torture and chastisement. Let that rain not be destructive or
floody. O Allâh send us down water and help to fight the enemies.”
12.Najran’s Delegation: Najran is rather a big area of land. It was at a distance of seven trip stages
southwards of Makkah towards Yemen. It included seventy three villages. It took a fast-rider one
day ride to get there. Its military forces consisted of a hundred thousand fighters.
l Their arrival was in the year 9 A.H. The delegation comprised sixty men. Twenty-four of them
were of noble families. Three out of twenty-four were at one time leaders of Najran. Al‘Aqib,
i.e.
who was in charge of princehood and government affairs. His name was ‘Abdul Maseeh. The
second was As-Saiyid (the Master) under whose supervision were the educational and political
affairs; his name was Al-Aiham or Sharhabeel. Abu Haritha bin ‘Alqamah was the third. He was a
bishop to whom all religious presidency and spiritual leadership belonged and were his charge.
When that group of delegates arrived in Madinah, they met the Prophet (Peace be upon him),
exchanged inquiries with him; but when he called them to Islam and recited the Qur’ân to them,
they refused. They asked him what he thought about ‘Isa (i.e. Jesus), (Peace be upon him), he
(Peace be upon him) tarried a whole day till the following Qur’ânic reply was revealed to him:
¡ “
Verily, the likeness of Jesus before Allâh is the likeness of Adam. He created him from
dust, then (He) said to him: ‘Be!’ — and he was. (This is) the truth from your Lord, so be
not of those who doubt. Then whoever disputes with you concerning him (Jesus) after (all
this) knowledge that has come to you, (i.e. Jesus being a slave of Allâh, and having no
share in Divinity) say: [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] ‘Come, let us call our sons
and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves — then we pray
and invoke (sincerely) the Curse of Allâh upon those who lie.” [3:59-61]
When it was morning, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) told them what ‘Iesa (Jesus)
was in the light of the recently revealed verses. He left them a whole day to consult and think it
over. So when it was next morning and they still showed disapproval to admit Allâh’s Words
about ‘Isa or to embrace Islam, the Prophet suggested Al-Mubahala that is each party should
supplicate and implore Allâh to send His Curse upon him or them if they were telling lies. After
that suggestion of his, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) came forward wrapping Al-Hasan and
Al-Husain under his garment whereas Fatimah was walking at his back. Seeing that the Prophet
(Peace be upon him) was serious and prepared to face them firmly, they went aside and started
consulting. Al‘Aqib
prosper nor will the descendants of ours. Consequently neither us nor our animals will survive it.”
Finally they made their mind to resort to the Messenger of Allâh’s judgement about their cause.
They came to him and said: “We grant you what you have demanded.” The Messenger of Allâh
(Peace be upon him) then admitted that agreement and ordered them to pay Al-Jizya (i.e.
tribute) and he made peace with them for the provision of two thousand garments, one thousand
of them to be delivered in Rajab, the other thousand ones in Safar. With every garment they had
to pay an ounce (of gold). In return they will have the covenant of Allâh and His Messenger. He
gave them a covenant that provides for practicing their religious affairs freely. They asked the
Prophet (Peace be upon him) to appoint a trustworthy man to receive the money agreed on for
peace, so he sent them the trustworthy man of this nation Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah to receive
the amounts of money agreed on in the peace treaty.
By the time Islam started to spread in Najran, naturally, they did not have to pay Al-Jizya that
usually non-Muslims paid. Whatever the case was, it was said that Al-Aqib and As-Saiyid
embraced Islam as soon as they reached Najran on their journey back home. It is also said that
the Prophet (Peace be upon him) sent to them ‘Ali too, for the collection of charities and tribute.
13.Bani Haneefa Delegation: They arrived in Madinah in the ninth year of Al-Hijra. They were 17 in
number and included the Master of Liars, Musailima bin Thumamah bin Kabeer bin Habeeb bin
Al-Harith of Bani Haneefa The group of delegates were housed in a Helper’s house. They came to
the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and declared their Islamization. As for Musailima the liar,
versions vary concerning his embracing Islam. Contemplation of all these versions shows clearly
that Musailima expressed disapproval and revealed haughtiness, boastful spirit and expectations
to be a prince.
l
At first the Prophet (Peace be upon him) attempted going on well with him. he dealt with him
nicely and charitably but that did not do with him. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him)
perceived evil in his soul and recognized that he was one of those three evils he dreamt of while
asleep.
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) had already dreamt that he had been granted the treasures of
earth. His hand fell upon two golden bracelets, which distressed and worried him a lot. He was
taught by inspiration to blow them off, so he did that and they were gone off. They were
interpreted to be two liars who would turn up after the death of Muhammad (Peace be upon
him). So when Musailima acted that way and showed disapproval, he realized that he would be
one of the two liars. However Musailima used to say, “If Muhammad appointed me a successor of
his, I would be a Muslim. Later on the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) came to him, with
a piece of palm leaf in his hand, and in the company of his orator, Thabit bin Qais bin Shammas.
He was among some of his friends. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) talked to him but Musailima
addressed him saying: “If you agree to transfer the whole thing to me after your death, I will not
stand in your way.” The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) replied: “If you asked me to
give you this (i.e. a piece of a palm leaf), I would not grant it to you. You are doomed. Even if
you repented and stopped what you were doing, Allâh appointed that you would be slain. By
Allâh, I swear, that I see you now in the very state that has been revealed to me. Here is Thabit!
You will hear my answer (from him).” Then he went away.
Finally, the Prophet’s predictions of Musailima came true; for when Musailima returned to
Yamama, he kept on thinking about the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and how he would be his
partner. His dreams and thoughts went so far as to claim that he himself was a prophet. To
confirm his prophecy he started uttering rhymed statements. He said that it was lawful to drink
wine and commit adultery. He, however, bore witness that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) was a real Prophet. His people, who were fascinated by what he allowed them to do,
followed him and made bargains with him. He grew so prominent among them that they called
him the beneficent of Al-Yamama. He wrote to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him)
saying: “I have been appointed an associate with you, so I will have a half and Quraish will have
the other half of the people’s affairs.” The Messenger of Allâh’s reply was a letter saying that:
¡ “Verily, the earth is Allâh’s. He gives it as a heritage to whom He will of His slaves, and the
(blessed) end is for the Muttaqûn (pious).” [7:128]
On the authority of Ibn Mas‘ud, he says: When the two messengers of Musailima — Ibn An-
Nawaha and Ibn Athal — came to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), he asked them:
“Do you bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allâh?” Their reply was “We testify that
Musailima is the Messenger of Allâh.” “I believe in Allâh and in His Messenger,” said the Prophet
(Peace be upon him), “If I had ever thought of killing a messenger I would have killed you both.”
Musailima’s pretence to prophethood was in the tenth year of Al-Hijra. But he was killed in AlYamama
war
during
Abu
Bakr
As-Siddeeq
era,
in
Rabi‘
Al-Awwal,
in
the
twelfth
year
of
Al-Hijra.
He
was
killed
by
Wahshi,
the
killer
of
Hamzah.
The
second
person
who
claimed
to
be
a
prophet
was Al-Aswad Al‘
Ansi
who
was
in
Yemen.
He
was
killed
by Fairuz.
His
head
was
cut
off
a
day
and
a
night
before
the
Prophet’s
death.
So
when
the
delegates
came
he
told
them
the
news
that
reached him through Divine Revelation. News about his death reached Abu Bakr (May Allah be
pleased with him) from Yemen.
14.The Delegation of Bani ‘Amir bin Sa‘sa‘a: Among the group of delegates were ‘Amir bin At-Tufail
—
the enemy of Allâh, Arbad bin Qais — Labid’s maternal brother, Khalid bin Ja‘far, and Jabbar
bin Aslam. All of them were the leaders and satans of their people. ‘Amir was the one who
double-crossed the group of Ma‘una well. When this delegation made their mind to come to
Madinah, ‘Amir and Arbad conspired to kill the Prophet (Peace be upon him). So when the group
of delegates arrived, ‘Amir kept on talking to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) whereas Arbad
turned aside trying to draw his sword. He managed to draw a span of hand long but Allâh stilled
his hand so that he was unable to proceed with its withdrawal. Allâh protected the Prophet
(Peace be upon him). The Prophet (Peace be upon him) invoked Allâh against them. So when
they returned, Allâh sent down a thunderbolt unto Arbad and his camel and he was burnt. As for
‘
Amir he called at a house of a woman who was from Bani Salul and had a gland sore. He
eventually died while he was saying: “What am I like? I have a gland similar to a camel’s. And
here I am dying in the house of the woman from Bani Salul.”
15.In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is narrated that ‘Amir came to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and said:
“
I grant you an opportunity to choose one of two: you will have the flat land people and I will
have townspeople; or I will succeed you. Otherwise, I will invade your people with a thousand
he-camels and a thousand she-camels.” But, later on he got plague-stricken in a woman’s house.
So he said: “What! I have a gland similar to a camel’s, and here I am in a woman’s house of Bani
so and so people. Fetch me my mare!” He mounted it but died on its back.
16.Tujeeb Delegation: They came to Madinah carrying the surplus of charities (Sadaqat) of their
people. That is to say the extra charities they had after they had distributed the poor-due. They
were thirteen men. They asked about the Qur’ân and Sunnah (the Prophet’s saying, deeds and
sanctions) so that they might learn them. They demanded things from the Messenger of Allâh
(Peace be upon him) to which he gave them pledges. They did not stay long; so when the
Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) acknowledged their demands and allowed them to
depart, they sent him a boy whom they had already left at their property. The young man said to
the Prophet (Peace be upon him): “By Allâh, I swear, I have left my home (for Madinah) with a
purpose that you invoke Allâh, the Great and All-Mighty for me to forgive me and have mercy on
me and to make my heart a source of content and sufficiency.” The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be
upon him) supplicated Allâh to grant him what he demanded.
17.From that time on, he was the most contented person. In Ar-Riddah (i.e. the Apostasy Times),
he stoodfast as a Muslim and warned his people and reminded them of Aâh and went on
preaching them till they stoodfast and did not apostatize. The group of delegates met the
Prophet (Peace be upon him) again in the Farewell Pilgrimage in the tenth year of Al-Hijra.
18.Tai’ Delegation: One of that group of delegates who came to meet the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) was Zaid Al-Khail. They talked to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) who urged them to
embrace Islam. They agreed and grew good Muslims. About Zaid, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace
be upon him) said: “The Arabs are never exact at estimating people. They have never told me
about the virtues of a man correctly; for when I see the man concerned I realize that they have
overestimated him except Zaid Al-Khail, when I met him I knew that they had underestimated
him.” Then he named him ‘Zaid Al-Khair’ (i.e. Zaid, the bounteous).
The delegations arrived successively in Madinah during the ninth and tenth of Al-Hijra. Biographers and
invasion-writers have written down about some of Yemen delegations. They were Al-Azd; Bani Sa‘d
Hadheem from Quda‘ah, Bani ‘Amir bin Qais; Bani Asad, Bahra’, Khaulan, Muharib, Bani Al-Harith bin
Ka‘b, Ghamid, Bani Al-Muntafiq, Salaman, Bani ‘Abs, Muzainah, Murad, Zabid, Kinda, Dhi Murrah, Ghassan, Bani ‘Aish, and Nakh‘ which were the last group of delegates. Nakh‘ Delegation comprised two
hundred men and they arrived in the middle of Muharram in the eleventh year of Al-Hijra. The majority
of these groups of delegates arrived during the ninth and tenth years of Al-Hijra. The arrival of some of
them tarried till the eleventh year of Al-Hijra.
The succession of these delegations indicated the great degree of the entire acceptance which the
Islamic Call reached. It manifested its influence and domination on vast areas of Arabia . The Arabs
observed Al-Madinah with such a great respect and estimation that they could do nothing but surrender
and submit to it. Al-Madinah had become the headquarters of all Arabia; so it was impossible to avoid
it. We dare not say that all the Arabians were possessed and enchanted by this religion. There were lots
of hard-hearted bedouins — among the Arabs — who surrendered (i.e. became Muslims) only because
their master did so. Their souls were not sanctified yet. Their tendency to raids had been deeply rooted
in their souls. The teachings of Islam had not crystallized their souls well yet. Accounting some of them
the Qur’ân says:
l “The bedouins are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely to be in ignorance of the
limits (Allâh’s Commandments and His legal laws, etc.) which Allâh has revealed to His
Messenger. And Allâh is All-Knower, All-Wise. And of the bedouins there are some who look upon
what they spend (in Allâh’s cause) as a fine and watch for calamities for you, on them be the
calamity of evil. And Allâh is All-Hearer, All-Knower.” [9:97,98]
The Qur’ân praised others saying:
l“And of the bedouins there are some who believe in Allâh and the Last Day, and look upon what
they spend in Allâh’s cause as approaches to Allâh, and a cause of receiving the Messenger’s
invocations. Indeed these are an approach for them. Allâh will admit them to His Mercy. Certainly
Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [9:99]
Those of them who were present at Makkah, Madinah and Thaqif and in many other areas of Al-Yemen
and Al-Bahrain were different because Islam had been firmly rooted in their souls. Some of them were
great Companions and Masters of Muslims.
THE SUCCESS AND IMPACT OF THE CALL:
Before we move one more step and meditate on the last days of the Messenger of Allâh’s life, we ought
to cast a quick glance at the great work that was a peculiarity of his. That very peculiarity that made
him excel all other Prophets and Messengers and made him so superb that Allâh made him atop the
formers and the latters. It was him that was addressed by:
l “O you wrapped in garments [i.e Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]! Stand (to pray) all
night, except a little.” [73:1,2]
And said:
l “O you [Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] enveloped (in garments). Arise and warn!” [74:1,2]
So he arose and kept on like that for over twenty years. During those years he undertook to carry the
burdens of the great expectations on his shoulders for the sake of the whole mankind and humanity,
the Faith and Jihad in various fields.
The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) undertook the burdens of struggle and Al-Jihad in the
conscience of mankind which was then drowning in the illusions of Al-Jahiliyah and its images that were
loaded with the ground weights and gravitations. He took upon his shoulder to free man’s conscience
which was chained with desires and lusts. As soon as he had freed the conscience of his Companions
from the burdens and heaps of Al-Jahiliyah and earthly life, he started another battle in another field or
rather successive battles against the enemy of Allâh’s Call, and against those who conspired against it.
It was a battle against those who conspired against the believers and against those who were so careful
to tend that pure plant in its implantation before it grew up and stretched its roots in soil and extended
its branches up into the air and thus dawned upon other areas. No sooner had he finished the battles in
the Arabian Peninsula than the Byzantines began preparations to destroy this new nation on the
northern borders.
The first battle — i.e. the battle of conscience — was not over yet. It was in fact a perpetual one.
Satan, who was its leader did not spare a moment without exercising his activity in the depth of human
conscience. Muhammad (Peace be upon him), on the other hand was attending on calling to Allâh’s
religion there and he was keen on fighting that perpetual battle in all fields in spite of their hard
circumstances and the world’s conspiracy against him. He went on calling effectively and actively
surrounded by the believers who were seeking security through ceaseless toil and great patience.
The Companions acted perpetually and patiently by day and they spent the night worshipping their
Lord, reciting and memorizing the Qur’ân glorifying and magnifying Allâh and imploring Him by night;
all that at the behest of their Lord, the All-Mighty.
For over twenty years the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) had been leading that progressive
steady battle, disregarding any other affairs that kept him off that noble goal. He went on that way till
the Islamic Call proved to be successful on a large scale that puzzled all men possessed of good reason.
The Islamic Call eventually prevailed all over Arabia. It removed all traces of Al-Jahiliyah from the
horizon of the peninsula. The sick minds of Al-Jahiliyah grew healthy in Islam. They did not only get rid
of idol-worship, but they also knocked them down. The general atmosphere began to echo “there is no
god but Allâh.” The calls to prayers were heard five times a day penetrating space and breaking the
silence of the dead desert and bringing back life through the new belief. Reciters and memorizers of the
Qur’ân set out northwards and southwards reciting verses of the Qur’ân and carrying out Allâh’s
injunctions.
Scattered people and tribes were united and man moved from man’s worship of man to man’s worship
of Allâh. There were no more oppressors nor oppressed; no masters nor slaves, nor people bound to
other people, nor aggressors that would practise aggression. All people were slaves of Allâh. They were
beloved brothers obeying Allâh’s rules. Thanks to Allâh they disposed of arrogance and the boastful
spirit:
l “An Arab is no better than a non-Arab. In return a non-Arab is no better than an Arab. A red
raced man was not better than a black one except in piety. Mankind are all Adam’s children and
Adam was created from dust.”
Thanks to the Islamic Call, the Arab unity had become a reality, and so was the case with human unity
and social justice as far as their earthly and heavenly affairs were concerned. The time course of events
had changed, the features on the earth’s surface and the crooked line of history had grown straight and
the mentality had been rectified.
The spirit and the corrupted conscience of people, the distorted valand measures of Al-Jahiliyah had
overwhelmed the whole world during that period of Al-Jahiliyah. The prevalence of slavery, injustice,
extravagant luxury, adultery, depression, deprivity, disbelief, stray from the straight path and
darkness; all of those were fait accomplis in spite of the existence of the heavenly religions. The
teachings of those religions had grown weak and lost all influence on men’s souls and spirits and
became mere lifeless ritual traditions.
When this Call had accomplished its role in human life, it freed mankind’s spirit of superstitions,
illusions, white slavery, corruption and man’s worship of man. Islam had freed the human society of
filth, dissolution, injustice and tyranny. There were no more social distinctions, nor clergymen’s or governors’ dictatorship. Islam had set up a world built on solid virtuous and clean foundations, it was
based on positivity, righteous construction, freedom and renewal. Truth, faith, dignity active steady
deeds, the development and improvement of means of living and reclaim of rights were all bases upon
which the Islamic state was built.
Thanks to these evolutions, Arabia witnessed such an unprecedented blessed resurrection, since
construction and establishment found its way to it. Never had its history been so religious, pious and
brilliant as it had been during those peculiar days of its life.
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