PAPER 1 ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
0. SOURCES OF LAW
Q. What are sources of Islamic law discuss in detail? (2008-A)
1. QURAN
Q. Discuss Quran as a source of law. Also explain the theory of abrogation. (2007-S)
Q. Describe the importance of Quran as primary source of Islamic Law in the Islamic legislation. (2006-A 2002-A)
Q. Discuss the theory of abrogation in Quran in detail. (2006-A 2003-A 2002-S)
2. SUNNAH
Q. Describe various kinds of Sunnah mentioning their role in Islamic legislation. (2009-A 2007-A 2005-S 2004-A 2003-A) Narrate difference between Sunnah and Hadith.
Q. Discuss Sunnah as a source of Law. (2008-S)
Q. Quran and Sunnah can’t be detached from each other. Support your answer with reason. (2009-S 2002-S)
3. IJMA & QIYAS
Q. Define and discuss Ijma as source of Islamic Law. (2009-A)
Q. Define Ijma. What are its kinds & how conducted? (2005-A 2002-A)
Q. Define & distinguish between Ijma & Qiyas as a source of Islamic law. (2002-S)
4. IJTEHAD & TAQLEED
Q. Define Taqleed & Ijtehad. How they both can be distinguished? (2008-S 2005-A 2004-S)
Q. Narrate the qualifications of Mujtahid in Islamic Law.
Q. What is ijtihad ,how it is cinducted and Narrate the qualifications of Mujtahid in Islamic Law.? (2008-A)
5. OWNERSHIP
Q. What are the modes of acquiring ownership & losing it in Islam? (2009-A 2008-A 2007-S 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-A)
6. CONTRACT
Q. What are the ingredients of a valid contract under Islamic law? (2008-S 2007-A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-S 2002-S 2002-A)
7. CUSTOM
Q. Define custom. What are the essential ingredients of a valid custom under Islamic Law? (2005-S 2002-S)
Q. Define custom as a source of law in Islam. What is the status of pre-Islamic customs? (2004-S)
8. JEHAD
Q. Define and discuss the scope of Jehad in Islam under International Law? (2009-A)
Q. Jehad why it’s waged and what acts are permissible and prohibited during Jehad? (2007-A 2005-S 2004-A, S 2003-S 2002-S)
9. SOVEREIGNTY
Q. Explain the concept of sovereignty in Islam. To what extent it is different from the concept of modern democracy? (2008-A 2006-A)
Q. What are the qualifications for head of an Islamic State? (2004-S)
Q. Explain the concept of sovereignty in Islam. What are the qualifications for the head of an Islamic State? (2007-S 2004-S)
10. STATE
Q. Discuss the concept of state in Islam. (2008-S 2007-S 2005-S)
Q. Some jurists divide the world into two arts. Dar-ul-Islam & Dar-ul-Harb. What are the consequences of such division? (2004-S)
11. SOURCES OF REVENUE
Q. What are the traditional sources of revenue of an Islamic State? (2007-A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-S, A 2003-S 2002-A) Can some other sources of revenue be levied? (2002-S)
Q. What are different sources of revenue of Islamic state (2007-S) discuss the present tax system in light of Islamic injunctions? (2008-A)
12. PUNISHMENT IN ISLAMIC LAW
Q. Define Hadd & Tazir. What is the distinction between these two? (2009-A 2008-S A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-S)
Q. Discuss Qisas & Diyat. What is the distinction between two? (2007-A 2006-A) Do u agree to proposal of conversion of death penalty into life imprisonment in murder case? (2008-A)
Q. Define Hadd and Tazeer. What are the offences termed as Hadood cases in Islam? (2008-S)
Q. What is the object of punishment in Islam? Conversion of death sentence into life imprisonment may serve the purpose. Do you agree? (2008-S)
Q. What is the object of punishment in Islam? What are the different kinds of punishment in Islamic Law? (2007-A 2006-A 2005-S)
Q. Describe briefly the salient features of Islamic Criminal law. (2003-S 2002-A)
Q. Define & discuss all the seven crimes of Hadood in detail. (2002-S)
13. JUDICIAL SYSTEM
Q. What is the judicial system of an Islamic state? (2005-S) Discuss the qualifications for a Qazi in Islamic law. (2008- S, A 2006-A 2004-S 2003-S)
14. LAW OF EVIDENCE
Q. What are the qualifications of a competent witness for testifying? Discuss the status of woman as a witness. (2007-S A)
Q. What are the qualifications of a competent witness for testifying? (2009-A 2008-A 2004-A)
Q. Discuss the status of woman as a witness in Islamic law. (2005-S 2004-S 2003-A 2002-S, A)
15. SHURAA
Q. Islam propounds the doctrine of ‘Shura’ which differs from prevalent Democracy, do you agree? (2009-A)
Q. “The legislature in the present system plays the role of Shura as provided in Islam”. Comment (2008-S)
Q. Discuss the characteristics, importance & role of Shuraa in an Islamic State in the light of Quranic verse. (2007-S 2005-S, A 2003-S, A)
Q. Discuss the constitutional structure of an Islamic Law. (2004-A)
Q. Discuss role of Shura in Islamic state can present legislation be termed as Shura? (2008-A)
16. RIGHTS
Q. What is meant by public & private rights? Which one is more important & why? (2009-A 2008-S 2007-A 2006-A 2003-S)
17. LEGAL DISABILITY
Q. What is legal disability? How it becomes defective and what are the consequences of its defect? (2007-A)
17. NOTES
i) Imam Shafi Theory of Abrogation Daman (2007-A)
ii) Istidlal Arsh Istehsan (2007-S)
iii) Istehsan Arsh (2008-S)
iv) Qiyas Zakat (2009-A)
18. IMAMS
Q. Discuss the role of Imam Abu Hanifa (RA) towards the compilation of Fiqh. (2008-S)
19. SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
Q. Discuss the role of different Muslim School of thought in codification and compilation of Islamic Law. (2009-A)
PAPER 2. ENGLISH JURISPRUDENCE
1. NATURE & SCOPE OF JURISPRUDENCE
- Define Jurisprudence. Explain the various kinds of Jurisprudence. (2009-A 2007-S 2005-S 2004-A,S 2003-A 2002-S 2001-S) Discuss scope of analytical jurisprudence? (2008-A)
- Define Jurisprudence. Discuss the scope of analytical, historical & ethical jurisprudence? (2002-A 2001-S 2000-S)
2. LAW OF PROCEDURE
- Discuss various rules of production and valuation of evidence. (2008-S)
Q. Define Evidence. What are the various kinds of evidence? (2007-S 2006-A 2005-S 2005-A 2004-S 2000-S)
- Explain the difference between substantive and procedural law? (2006-A 2004-A 2002-A 2001-S)
3. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
- What is the administration of Justice? Briefly trace its origin. (2009-A 2007-S A 2005-A 2004-S 2002 S)
- Explain the secondary functions of the law court. (2008-S 2007-S)
Q. Discuss the primary and secondary functions of the Courts of law. (2007-A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2002-A 2001-S 2000-S)
- Discuss the various theories of punishment. (2007-A 2006-A 2005-S 2004-S 2003-A)
4. NATURE OF LAW
- Define Law. Explain the classification of Civil Law. (2007-A)
- Is law territorial in nature? Discuss through examples. (2009-A 2008-S 2007-S 2006-A 2005-S 2005-A 2003-A 2002-A)
- Define law. What are the advantages & disadvantages of fixed rules of law? (2005-A 2004-S 2001-S 2000-S) (2008-A)
Q. Discuss imperative theory of law, also discuss criticism against it? (2008-A)
- Imperative theory of law by Austin “Law is the command of sovereign”. Discuss (2007-S 2005-A 2004-S 2002-S 2002-A 2001-S)
Q. Explain the imperative theory of law; also discuss the objections raised against Austinian Theory. (2009-A)
- Explain the terms Q of law, Q of fact and mixed Q of law & fact. (2007-A 2004-S 2003-A 2002-S)
5. LEGAL RIGHT
Q. Explain with examples the following types of legal rights:
a) Rights in re-propria/rights in re-aliena
b) Principal and accessory rights
c) Vested and Contingent Rights (2009-A)
- Define legal right. Narrate the essentials of a legal right. (2008-A 2005-S 2005-A 2004-A 2003-A)
- What are the various kinds of legal Rights? (2007-S 2002-S)
- Define legal right, explain the following: (2006-A 2004-S 2002-A 2001-A)
i) PosItive & Negative Rights
ii) Vested & Contingent Rights 2008-S
iii) Real & Personal Rights
iv) Right in Rem & Right in Personam
v) Principal & Accessory Rights 2008-S
vi) Rights in re-propria/rights in re-aliena 2008-S
6. CUSTOM
Q. Define Custom. What are the various kinds of Custom? (2007-A 2005-S 2003-A 2002-S)
Q. What are the pre-requisites of a valid custom? (2007-S 2004-S 2001-A 2000-S)
7. LEGISLATION
Q. Discuss various principles of interpretation of enacted law. (2009-A 2008-A 2007-A)
Q. Define Legislation. Explain various kinds of legislation. (2005-S)
Q. Compare legislation with Precedent. Explain which one, as a source of law, is superior to other. (2008-S)
Q. Discuss how legislation is superior to precedent? (2005-A 2002-S)
Q. Enumerate briefly advantages & disadvantages of legislation as law. (2000-A)
8. PRECEDNET
Q. Define Precedent. Explain the classification of precedent. (2004-A)
Q. Notes: a) Ratio Decidendi b) Stare Decisis c) Obiter Dicta (2009-A 2007-S 2005-A 2003-A)
Q. Discuss those circumstances which increase the authority of a precedent and those that decrease the weight of precedent. (2008-S)
Q. What are the circumstances, which destroy or weaken the binding force of precedent?
9. AGREEMENT
Q. Explain the kinds of agreement. What are the causes of invalidity of agreement? (2007-A)
Q. What are the various kinds of agreements? (2003-A) What are the essentials of a valid legal agreement? (2000-S)
Q. Define Agreement. Discuss the causes of invalidity of agreements. (2004-A)
10. PROPERTY
Q. Define property. What are various kinds of property? (2003-A 2002-A 2000-A)
Q. What are the various modes of acquisition of property? 2007-A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2002-S) (2008-A)
11. PERSON
Q. Define person. Describe various types of legal person. (2008-A 2006-A)
Q. Define Person. Distinguish between corporation & firm. (2009-A 2005-A 2004-A 2002-A 2001-S) What are the objects & uses of incorporation? (2003-A) Discuss the liabilities of a corporation. (2008-S)
12. POSSESSION
Q. Define Possession. Discuss various modes of acquisition of possession. (2009-A 2007-S 2008-S 2005-S 2004-S)
Q. Possession is the 9/10th of ownership. (2004-A 2002-S 2001-A)
Q. Define Possession. What are various kinds of possession? (2002-A)
13. OWNERSHIP
Q. Define Ownership. What are the kinds of ownership? (2006-A 2004-S 2002-S 2001-S)(2008-A)
i) Vested & Contingent Ownership
ii) Sole & Co-ownership (2007-A)
iii) Trust & Beneficial Ownership
14. LIABILITY
Q. In light of the relevant case law explain the law of Negligence. (2007-S A 2006-A 2005-S 2005-A)
Q. Define & explain the doctrines of strict & absolute liability. (2008-S 2005-S)
Q. Explain the doctrine of vicarious liability. Give illustrations to support your answer. (2009A 2004-A)
15. NOTES
i) Stare Decisis Obiter Dicta (2007-A)
ii) Rights in rem and personam Principal and Accessory Rights (2007-S)
iii) Obiter dicta Ratio Decidendi Fiction (2008-A)
iv) Vicarious Liability Res Nullius (2008-S)
LLB PART I
PAPER 3. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
A) BRITISH CONSTITUTION
1. SALIENT FEATURES
Q. Critically analyze the salient features of British Constitution. (2009-A 2007-A 2005-S 2004-S 2003-A 2002-S 2001-A)
2. SOURCES
Q. Describe the sources of British Constitution and highlight the legal sources. (2005-A 2003-A 2002-S, A 2001-S 2000-A)
3. CONVENTIONS
Q. Explain the conventions of British Constitution by giving examples of important conventions. (2007-A 2005-A 2004-A 2002-S, A 2001-S, A 2000-S)
Q. Explain the sanction behind convention’s which enforced them? (2009-A 2008-A)
4. SUPREMACY OF PARLIAMENT
Q. What are limitations on parliamentary sovereignty? Discuss (2008-S)
Q. Discuss the Supremacy of Parliament & explain the factors responsible for it by giving examples. (2007-S 2005-S, A 2004-S 2001-A 2000-S)
5. FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT
Q. Explain in detail the functions of Parliament. (2005-A) What are the judicial functions of Parliament? (2006-A 2004-A 2003-S) Discuss the parliamentary procedure for law making under the British Constitution. (2001-S 2000-A)
6. COMPOSITION OF PARLIAMENT
Q. Explain the Composition of British Parliament. (2005-S)
Q. What is meant by Responsible Government? (2005-S 2001-S)
Q. Discuss the nature composition & functions of the House of Lords. (2006-A 2000-A)
Q. Discuss the functions of the two houses of Parliament and their relationship with each other. (2002-S)
Q. “House of Commons is more powerful than House of Lords”. Explain (2007-A 2003-S 2002-A)
Q. Discuss judicial functions of House of Lords. (2008-S)
Q. Explain powers & functions of house of common? (2009-A 2008-A)
7. CABINET
Q. State the nature, composition & functions of the Cabinet in England. (2007-S 2005-A 2003-S 2002-A 2001-A)
8. RULE OF LAW
Q. What is ‘rule of Law’? Discuss its significance, whether there are some exceptions to it under British Constitution. (2007-S 2007-A)
Q. Whether the parliamentary sovereignty & rule of law oppose to each other Discuss? (2009-A 2008-A)
Q. Write an essay on ‘The Rule of Law’ as it prevails in England. (2005-S, A 2004-A 2001-A)
9. SEPARATION OF POWERS
Q. What is the theory of “Separation of Power” and to what extent it is embodied in the British Constitution? (2006-A)
10. COURTS
Q. What are different kinds of Courts in England and what type of different laws are followed by the Courts in England? Discuss (2009-A 2007-A)
Q. Discuss ‘Independence of Judiciary’ in England. (2007-S 2003-A 2000-S)
11. MINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Q. Explain the doctrine of ministerial responsibility under the British Constitution. (2009-A 2006-A 2003-A)
12. ROYAL PREROGATIVES
Q. Up to what extent the phrase, “the King can do no wrong” holds good today? Explain. (2004-A)
Q. ‘The King can do no wrong’ is taken differently now than in the past. Explain. (2003-A 2002-S 2000-A)
Q. ‘The Crown is an institution which never dies”. Discuss the maxim & enumerate the powers, duties & position of the Crown. (2006-A 2001-A 2000-S)
Q. What do you understand by the Royal Prerogatives? How the prerogatives are exercised? (2005-S 2004-S 2003-S 2001-S)
Q. What are different privileges available to Crown? Explain. (2007-S)
Q. What do you mean by Crown’s Prerogatives? Discuss its different classifications. (2008-S)
Q. What are political prerogatives of crown under British constitution? (2008-A)
13. FLEXIBLE
Q. Highlight the salient features of a flexible Constitution comparing it with the rigid one. (2003-S 2000-A)
Q. The British Constitution is flexible & terribly adaptable. Explain.
14. WRITTEN & UNWRITTEN
Q. What is the difference between written & unwritten Constitution. Explain with examples. (2000-S)
15. MISCELLANEOUS
Q. Explain in detail the legal concepts of Constitution & Constitutional Law. (2004-S)
Q. Write an essay on “The British Constitution is the mother of all English Speaking Constitution.” (2004-S)
Q. The English Constitution is the part of common law discuss. (2000-A)
16. NOTES
i) Bill of Rights (2007-S 2003-S,A 2002-S)
ii) Magna Carta (2007-S 2006-A 2003-S)
iii) Lord Chancellor (2007-S 2004-A 2003-A 2002-A 2001-S)
iv) Privy Coucil (2006-A 2004-A)
v) Conventions of the Constitution (2004-S)
vi) Cabinet System (2004-S 2002-A)
vii) Petition of Rights (2003-S, A)
viii) Act of Settlement (2002-S)
ix) Habeas Corpus (2001-S)
17. COMMITTEE SYSTEM
Q. Discuss different kinds of Committees in the House of Common. (2008-S)
18. NATURE OF GOVT. SYSTEM
Q. Distinguish between federal & unitary system? (2008-A)
19. PRIME MINISTER
Q. Discuss the position of prime minister under British System. (2008-S)
20. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Q. “The Constitution of England is unwritten and hence there are no fundamental right in the sense that we have in some of written constitution.” Comment on this statement with reference to fundamental rights in England. (2008-S)
B) AMERICAN CONSTITUTION
1. SALIENT FEATURES
Q. Explain the salient features of US constitution. (2009-A 2007-S 2005-S 2004-A 2002-A 2001-S 200-S 2000-A)
Q. Discuss in detail the characteristics of the US Constitution. (2003-S)
2. RIGIDITY
Q. US Constitution is Rigid. Explain (2005-S 2003-A 2000-A) (2008-A)
3. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY
Q. How the American Constitution has been developed during the last two centuries? (2007-A, S)
Q. Give a brief account of the constitutional history of USA. (2008-S 2006-S 2005-A 2001-A)
4. BILL OF RIGHTS
Q. Fundamental Rights are guaranteed under US Constitution. Discuss. (2007-A)
Q. Explain the Bill of Rights in the constitution of USA. (2006-A 2004-A 2003-S 2001-A 2000-S) What four freedoms are the most crucial in the US Constitution? (2009-A 2004-S 2002-A)
5. DUE PROCESS OF LAW
Q. What do you mean by “due process of law”? How this principle plays an effective role in the enforcement of rights guaranteed by US constitution. (2006-A 2001-S 2000-A) “…. No state shall make or enforce any law what shall abridge on privileges or immunities of citizens of the US: nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law: nor any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”. Elaborate. (2004-A)
6. SEPARATION OF POWER
Q. Explain the doctrine of Separation of Power under US constitution. (2008-S 2005-A 2004-S 2003-A 2002-A 2001-S) Is there separation of power between the states & the Federal Government in the USA? (2000-S)
7. CHECKS & BALANCES
Q. Discuss the system of Checks & Balances provided in the US constitution. (2007-A 2004-A 2003-S 2002-S 2001-A)
8. CONGRESS
Q. Discuss the corporation and functions of American Congress. (2007-A)
Q. What are the Powers & Role of the Congress? Explain. (2008-A 2005-S, A 2001-A)
Q. US senate is unique in many resects. It is the most powerful chamber on earth. Explain.( 2007-S) Discuss its composition, powers and role. (2006-A 2004-S 2002-S, A 2001-S 2000-S)
Q. What is the composition and functions of the House of Representative under the US Constitution? (2009-A 2006-A)
Q. Explain function & formation of senate in America? (2008-A)
9. PRESIDENT
Q. Explain the role of president in US Constitution. (2009-A)
Q. How American President is elected? Discuss his powers. (2007-A)
Q. How the President & vice President of USA is elected. (2007-S 2004-S 2002-S 2001-S) Explain the role of President under US constitution. (2005-S, A 2001-A 2000-S) What are the legislative powers of US President? (2000-A)
Q. Discuss in detail the Emergency powers of the US President. (2008-S 2006-A 2004-A 2003-A 2002-S)
Q. Explain the procedure of election of Vice President of USA and discuss his features. (2007-S)
10. PROCEDURE OF LAW MAING
Q. Discuss the procedure of legislation under the US constitution. (2007-S 2006-S 2002-A)
11. PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT
Q. Discuss the presidential system of government in the US. (2003-A)
12. SUPREME COURT
Q. The US Supreme Court has been instrumental in keeping the constitution up to date. (2008-S 2001-S) Explain the role of US Supreme Court in protecting civil liberties in the US. (2006-S 2004-S 2003-S, A 2002-S)
13. JUDICIAL REVIEW
Q. Explain the doctrine of Judicial Review with reference to Mar bury vs. Madison in detail. (2007-S 2005-S, A 2004-A 2003-A,S 2001-A)
Q. Explain doctrine judicial review in U.S.A? (2009-A 2008-A)
Q. Discuss effects if the case Mar bury vs. Madison in American Constitution? (2009-A 2008-A)
14. FEDERALISM
Q. What is concept of federation under US Constitution? Discuss (2008-S)
Q. US constitution provides for Federal System. (2005-A 2002-S)
15. IMPEACHEMNENT
Q. Discuss the procedure of impeachment under the US Constitution. (2003-S 2000-A)
16. AMENDMENT PROCEDURE
Q. Discuss the procedure of amendment in the US Constitution. (2004-S)
8. NOTES
i) Bill of Rights ii) Powers & Functions of US Senate (2007-A)
iii) Political Parties in USA iv) Judicial Review (2008-S)
PAPER 4. LAW OF CONTRACT
A) CONTRACT ACT
1. PROPOSAL
Q. Define Proposal. How is it revoked? (2007-S)
Q. Define proposal. How does it become a promise enforceable as a contract? (2002-S)
Q. Define Proposal and Acceptance. What are the rules relating to their communication? (2009-A)
Q. Define proposal, discuss its essential elements? (2008-A)
Q. When the communication of a proposal, acceptance & revocation does become complete? (2002-A 2001-S)
Q. What is offer? When it is valid? Discuss the rules relating with communication of an offer. (2005-A)
Q. What do you mean by revocation of proposal & acceptance? How revocation is made & what is its effect on validity of contract. (2006-A)
2. AGREEMENT
Q. What is the difference between voidable and void agreements? Give your answer stating examples. (2007-A)
Q. Define the term ‘Agreement’ & distinguish between Agreement & Contract.
Q. What are the essentials of a valid contract? Discuss them briefly. (2007-A 2003-A)
Q. What are the agreements which have been expressly been declared void? (2007-S)
Q. An agreement enforceable by law is called contract. Discuss it with reference to the rules relating to validity of a contract. (2008-S)
Q. Define term void & voidable agreement; explain the circumstances under which a contract becomes void & voidable? (2008-A)
3. FREE CONSENT
Q. Define and distinguish between coercion and undue influence. (2008-S)
Q. Explain mistake of fact and mistake of law. Do they have the same legal effect on a Contract? (2007-S)
Q. What is the difference between fraud and misrepresentation? Explain giving examples. (2007-A)
Q. Discuss ‘Free Consent’ & discuss the legal effects flowing from agreements made without free consent. (2005-A 2004-A)
Q. What do u understand by free consent Discuss the effect of mistake on contract? (2008-A)
Q. Define Fraud. When is the suggestion of a fact not fraud but misrepresentation? Give examples. (2002-S)
Q. Define & explain briefly Coercion, Undue Influence, and Fraud & Misrepresentation. (2002-A)
4. CONSIDERATION
Q. Define the term consideration and discuss its essential elements? (2008-S)
Q. What is consideration? When is consideration or object of an agreement unlawful? (2003-A) State the exception to the rule that an agreement made without consideration is void. (2008-A 2007-S 2005-S 2002-S, A 2001-S)
5. CLASSES OF CONTRACT
Q. Define & give examples of the following classes of contract. a) Void b) Void able c) Unenforceable. (2002-A)
6. INDEMNITY & GUARANTEE
Q. What is a contract of guarantee? Distinguish it from contract of indemnity. (2007-A)
Q. Define the Contract of Indemnity & what are the rights of an indemnity holder? Distinguish between a contract of indemnity & a contract of guarantee. (2004-A 2002-S, A)
Q. Define the term contract of Guarantee and discuss the circumstances under which a contract of guarantee is said to be discharged? (2008-S)
Q. What is continuing guarantee? When and how may a continuing guarantee be revoked? How surety can be discharged from his liabilities in a contract of guarantee? (2008-A 2005-S 2003-A)
Q. Enumerate the rights of a surety as against Principal, debtor, creditor & against co-sureties. (2005-S)
7. CONTINGENT CONTRACT
Q. Explain the difference between a wagering agreement and a contingent contract. (2007-S)
Q. Define contingent contracts. Explain the rules which govern the enforcement of these contracts. (2007-A 2006-A)
8. DISCHARGE OF CONTRACT
Q. What do you mean by discharge of a contract? Discuss the circumstances under which a contract is said to be discharged. (2008-S)
Q. Describe the various modes in which a contract may be discharged? (2004-A 2002-S)
9. QUASI CONTRACT
Q. What are the situations where the law, requires a person to perform an obligation similar to contracted obligation although he has not entered into any contractual relationship. (2007-S 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2002-S)
Q. Define term quasi contract discuss circumstances under which such contract comes into existence? (2008-A)
10. BREACH OF CONTRACT
Q. State the rules governing determination of damages for breach of contract. (2007-A)
Q. What are the remedies for breach of contract? (2009-A 2008-A 2007-S 2003-A)
11. BAILMENT
Q. What are the essential features of bailment? State the duties of the bailee. (2007-S)
Q. What is bailment? What are the duties & liabilities of a bailor towards the bailee? (2002-A)
Q. Discuss the duties & rights of ‘Bailee’ in the contract of bailment? (2009-A 2008-A 2006-A 2005-S)
12. AGENCY
Q. How agency is constituted & terminated? (2009-A 2007-S A 2005-S 2002-S)
Q. What is agency & what are the duties of an agent to his principal & vice versa? (2002-A)
Q. What do you understand by an act of ratification? What conditions have to be fulfilled for a valid ratification? (2007-S 2004-A)
Q. Explain what is agency. When an agent is responsible for the act done on behalf of his principal? (2005-S 2003-A)
13. PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT
Q. What is performance of contract? Discuss rules regarding time & place of performance. (2008-S 2006-A 2005-S, A)
Q. Discuss the law governing the performance of a contract where there are joint promisors. (2007-S)
14. COMPETENCY TO CONTRACT
Q. What is the legal status of a contract entered into by a minor? Is it enforceable by law? If so under what circumstances? (2008-S 2007-S 2003-A 2001-S)
Q. Who are competent to contract? (2006-A)
15. OBJECT OF CONTRACT
Q. When the object of a contract is unlawful? (2005-S 2003-A 2002-A)
16. CONTRACT OF PLEDGE
Q. Discuss the circumstances under which a pledge made by non-owner becomes valid. (2008-S)
Q. Can a valid pledge be made by mercantile agent? If so, explain fully. (2007-A)
B) SALE OF GOODS ACT
1. FIXATION OF PRICE
Q. What is sale? Discuss its essentials & explain the different modes of fixation of price in a contract of sale. (2005-S)
2. SALE & AGREEMENT TO SALE
Q. What is the difference between an agreement to sell and a contract of sale? State the necessary ingredients for the formation of a contract of sale. (2008-S 2007-A)
Q. What is sale & what is an agreement to sale. Explain the difference between these. (2009-A 2005-A)
3. CONDITION & WARRANTY
Q. What do you mean by condition and warranty in a contract of sale? Explain different conditions and warranties applicable in a contract of sale. (2005-A 2003-A)
Q. Define and state the difference between a condition and a warranty of a contract. When a condition may be treated as a warranty? (2007-S)
Q. Define & distinguish between condition & warranty. Explain Implied & express warranties in contract of sale? (2008-S, A)
4. UNPAID SELLER
Q. Define unpaid seller. What are his rights against goods under the Sale of Goods Act? (2009-A 2008-A 2004-A 2002-S)
5. CAVEAT EMPTOR
Q. What do you understand by the rule ‘caveat emptor’? Are there any exceptions to this rule? (2002-A)
6. BREACH OF CONTRACT
Q. State briefly the remedies open to a seller and the buyer of goods for breach of contract by the buyer. (2007-A 2002-A)
7. TRANSFER OF TITLE
Q. How title is transferred in a contract of sale? (2006-A)
Q. “A seller can’t convey a better title than he himself has”. Are there any exceptions to this rule? (2005-S)
8. DELIVERY
Q. With reference to performance of contract of sale discuss rule regarding as to delivery. (2007-S 2006-A 2004-A 2003-A)
9. DUTIES & BUYER OF BUYER & SELLER
Q. What are the duties of a buyer & a seller of goods under the sale of Goods Act?
C) PARTNERSHIP ACT
1. MINOR AS PARTNER
Q. Can a minor become a partner in a firm? Discuss the rights & liabilities of a minor admitted to the benefit of a partnership. (2007-A)
2. RIGHTS & DUTIES OF PARTNERS
Q. What are the rights and duties of the partners to one another in their mutual relationship as partners of a firm? (2007-A)
3. ESSENTIALS OF PARTNERSHIP
Q. What is partnership? Discuss its essential elements? Discuss in detail. (2009-A 2008-S )
Q. What is partnership? Discuss its essentials & how it differs from a company. (2005-S, A)
4. MODES OF DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP
Q. Explain the different modes of dissolution of partnership. (2009-A 2007-S 2005-S)
Q. Discuss fully the grounds on which the court may dissolve partnership firm at the suit of a partner.
5. IMPLIED AUTHORITY OF PARTNER
Q. What do you mean by implied authority of partner? Discuss liability of firm for partner’s act. Explain and state limitations on the exercise of his authority, if any. (2008-S 2007-S 2006-A)
6. RIGHTS & OBLIGATION AFTER DISSOLUTION
Q. Explain rights & obligations of partners after dissolution. (2008-A 2006-A)
7. REGISTRATION OF FIRM
Q. What is registration of firm? Discuss its advantages. Is there any effect of non-registration of firm? If so explain? What are the contents of the application for registration of a firm? (2008-A 2005-A)
8. HOLDING OUT
Q. Explain the doctrine of “Holding Out’. Is the estate of a deceased partner liable for the acts of firm done after the death?
Q. Can an outgoing partner carry on business competing with that of the firm? What restrictions are placed on him by the Partnership Act?
9. GOOD WILL
Q. Explain what is meant by good will? Discuss the provisions under Partnership Act regarding the sale of Good will on the dissolution of the firm & its effect on the rights of the parties.
PAPER 5. LAW OF TORTS
A) TORTS
1. ESSENTIALS OF TORT
Q. Define torts & explain its essentials. (2007-S s2005-S)
2. DIF. FROM CRIME & CONTRACT
Q. Define & discuss the term torts in detail. How does it differ from crime & contract? (2008-A 2005-A 2003-A 2002-S, A 2001-S)
3. TRESPASS TO PERSON
Q. What do you understand by Trespass to person? (2007-S 2006-A 2005-A)
Q. Discuss assault & battery. How are they different from each other & how similar? (2007-S 2002-S 2002-A 2001-A)
3. A FALSE IMPRISONMENT
Q. Define & discuss trespass to person with special reference to false imprisonment. (2008-S 2003-A 2002-A 2001-A)
4. TRESPASS TO LAND
Q. What is Trespass to land? What remedies are available against it? (2007-A 2006-A 2005-S 2001-S)
5. DISCHARGE OF TORTS
Q. Write a note on discharge of torts. (2009-A 2007- A 2006-A 2001-A)
Q. What is difference between the concepts of justification of torts & discharge of torts? (2008-S)
6. DEFAMATION
Q. Define defamation. What defenses are available to the defendant? (2009-A 2008-S 2006-A 2005-A 2002-A 2001-S, A)
6. LIBEL & SLANDER
Q. The general rule is ‘Slander is actionable on proof of special damages’ what are the exceptions to this general rule? (2008-S 2007-A 2003-A 2001-A)
Q. Define slander & libel, also distinguish between them? (2008-A)
7. DEFENCES
Q. Give the general defenses which are available in an action for torts. (2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-A 2002-S 2001-S) (2008-A) What do you understand by “Volenti non fit injuria” & give exceptions to this rule. (2005-A 2004-A 2002-S)
8. MALICIOUS PROSECUTION
Q. Explain torts of Malicious Prosecution. (2006-A 2005-S 2004-A 2003-A 2002-A 2001-S)
9. REMEDIES IN TORTS
Q. Write an essay on Judicial Remedies in Tort. (2008-S)
Q. Write an essay on Extra-Judicial remedies in tort. (2007-A)
Q. Write a detailed note on remedies in torts. (2008-A 2007-S) Write an essay on Extra-Judicial remedies in tort. (2007-S 2004-A 2003-A 2002-A 2001-S, A)
10. DISABILITY TO SUE
Q. Who can’t sue & who can’t be sued & why? (2004-A)(2008-A)
11. LEGAL DAMAGE
Q. Define legal damage & these maxims. i) Ubi jus ibi remedium (2005-S) ii) Injuria sine damnum (2002-S) iii) Damnum sine injuria (2004-A)
12. DAMAGES
Q. What do you understand by damages? What are different kinds of damages? (2008-A 2007-S 2005-S 2004-A)
13. NUISANCE
Q. Write a comprehensive note on Public & Private Nuisance. (2007-A 2005-S 2002-S 2001-S)
Q. Discuss the tort of Private Nuisance along with remedies available to the aggrieved party? (2008-S 2003-A 2002-S 2002-A) How Public nuisance is different from private nuisance? (2002-A)
14. VICARIOUS LIABILITY
Q. Write a comprehensive note on Vicarious Liability. Under what circumstances a master is held liable for the torts of his servants? (2009-A 2005-A 2003-A 2002-S 2001-S, A)
15. ABSOLUTE LIABILITY
Q. What is Absolute Liability? Explain with examples. (2008-A 2007- S A 2005-S)
Q. Define & discuss tort of strict liability, explain its rationale. (2002-A)
16. NEGLIGENCE
Q. Define Negligence? Explain its essentials. (2009-A 2007-S 2006-A 2005-S 2003-A 2002-A 2001-A)
Q. Under what circumstances ‘Contributory Negligence’ is a good defense? (2008-S 2007-S 2005-A 2004-A 2002-S 2001-S)
Q. Is tort of negligence different from contributory negligence? (2002-S)
17. DEATH OF PLAINTIFF & DEFENDANT
Q. How death of plaintiff or defendant affects the tort action can or cannot the case proceed in such situation answer with illustration? (2008-A)
18. LEADING CASES
Q. State the principle as laid down in the followings cases:
i) Ashby vs. White (2007-A 2004-A)
ii) Donoguhue vs. Stevenson (2002-S)
iii) Gloucester Grammar School case
iv) Rylands vs. Fletcher (2007-S 2006-A 2005-A 2002-A)
19. NOTES
i) Res ipsa Loquitor ii) Trespass ab initio (2009-A)
i) Ubi jus ibi remedium ii) Injuria sine Damnum iii) Damnum sine injuria (2008-S)
i) U bi jus ibi remedium ii) Injuria sine Damnum (2007-S)
i) Damnum Sine Injuria ii) Volunti Non fit Injuria (2007-A)
B) EASEMENT ACT
1. KINDS OF EASEMENT
Q. Define Easement & various kinds of Easement. (2008-A 2007-S 2005-A 2002-A)
2. ACQUISITION OF EASEMENT
Q. Define Easement. How it can be acquired discuss fully? (2005-S 2002-A)
3. EASEMENT BY GRANT
Q. Discuss the detail acquisition of Easement through Grant. (2008-S 2007-S 2002-S 2001-S, A)
4. EASEMENT BY CUSTOM
Q. Define & discuss in detail Easement by Custom. (2008-A 2003-A 2001-S)
5. EASEMENT BY PRESCRIPTION
Q. Define & discuss Easement by Prescription. (2009-A 2007-A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-A 2002-S 2001-A)
6. EXTINCTION OF EASEMENT
Q. What is an easement? How can it be acquired and how extinguished? (2008-S)
Q. What is meant by easement? Easements can be extinguished how? (2009-A 2007-A 2006-A 2005-S 2004-A)
PAPER 6. CRIMINAL LAW
A) PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINOLOGY
1. ESSENTIALS OF CRIME
Q. Define Crime and discuss in detail ‘Mens Rea and Actus Reus” as elements of crime. (2008-S 2007-A)
Q. What is crime? What are its essential elements? (2006-A 2004-S 2003-S, A 2002-S, A 2001-A)
2. THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT
Q. Define criminal justice. What are different theories of punishment? (2007-S A 2006-A 2005-A 2004-S 2003-A 2002-S 20021-S) (2008-A)
3. THEORIES OF NEGLIGENCE
Q. What is Negligence? What are its different theories? Discuss (2009-A 2008-S 2004-A 2003-S 2002-A 2001-A)
4. STRICT LIABILITY
Q. What is importance of “Mens Rea’ in constituting the crime? Also explain strict liability offence. (2007-S)
Q. Discuss the law relating to ‘Strict Liability’ which excludes “Mens Rea” in criminal cases. (2005-A 2004-A)
5. CRIME & TORT
Q. What is crime? How it may be distinguished from tort. (2001-S)
6. STAGES TO COMMIT CRIME
Q. Discuss various approaches towards the commission of crime. (2009-A)
Q. Define crime & explain different stages in commission of crime? (2008-A)
B) PPC
Q. Definitions:
1. Insanity (2004-A 2002-A)
2. Wrongful Gain (2006-A 2002-S 2001-A)
3. Wrongful Loss (2003-A 2002-A 2001-S)
4. Public servant (2002-A 2001-S)
5. Injury (2006-A 2003-A 2002-S)
6. Fraudulently (2003-A)
7. Dishonestly (2001-A)
8. Good Faith (2006-A 2004-A 2001-S)
9. Reason to Believe (2004-A 2002-S 2001-A)
10. Fraud
11. Offence
12. Court of Justice Fraudulent Injury (2008-S)
1. COMMON INTENTION & OBJECT
Q. Define & explain common intention & common object. Is there any difference between the two? Explain fully. (2008-S 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-S, A 2001-S)
2. SELF DEFENSE
Q. Explain private defense of property and when does it extend to causing death of assailant? (2008-S, A 2007-A)
Q. Explain private defense of person and when does it extend to causing death of assailant? (2007-S)
Q. What are the restrictions imposed upon the force in self defense under PPC. (2006-A 2005-A 2002-S, A)
Q. What is a right of private defense? When it extends to causing death of another? (2008-A 2004-S 2001-S, A)
Q. In what cases Consent, Compulsion or Necessity may be a sufficient defense against a charge of crime? (2008-S 2007-S 2006-A 2004-A 2003-S, A 2002-S)
3. UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY
Q. When a member of an Unlawful Assembly commits an offence in prosecution of the common object of the assembly & how does it affect members of the assembly? (2005-A 2004-S)
Q. What is Unlawful Assembly? When it becomes Roit? Discuss. (2008-A 2007-S 2002-S 2001-A)
4. ABETMENT
Q. Define abetment and discuss the liability of abettor in different circumstances. (2008-S 2007-A)
Q. Define Abetment. What are its different kinds & punishment provided under PPC? (2004-S 2003-S, A 2002-A)
5. KINDS OF PUNISHMENT
Q. What are different kinds of punishment under PPC? (2008-S 2007-A 2004-A 2003-S 2002-A)
6. HURT
Q. Define the term Jurh and discuss its various kinds. Also state the kinds of Ghair Jaifah alongwith Punishment. (2009-A)
Q. What are different kinds of hurt provided under PPC? (2008-A 2007-S 2003-A 2002-A 2001-A)
Q. Define & distinguish among assault, hurt & grievous hurt. (2003-S 2001-A)
7. QATL
Q. What are the different kinds of Qatl & their punishments? When is it liable to Qisas? (2005-A 2004-A 2003-S 2002-S) Define & distinguish between Qatl-i-khata & Qatl-i-sabab. (2009-A 2008-S 2007-S 2006-A 2002-A 2001-S)
8. THEFT
Q. Define and distinguish between theft and extortion. (2007-S)
Q. Define & distinguish between Theft & Criminal Breach of Trust. (2006-A 2003-S 2001-A)
Q. Define Criminal Breach of Trust & distinguish it from Criminal Misappropriation of property. (2004-A 2003-A 2001-S)
9. TRESPASS
Q. Define & discuss ‘house breaking’, ‘house trespass’ & ‘criminal trespass’. (2005-A 2004-A)
Q. Define & differentiate between ‘house breaking’, ‘house trespass’ & ‘criminal trespass’? (208-A)
10. CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY
Q. Define Criminal Conspiracy. What are its different kinds? (2005-A 2004-S 2002-S, A) Distinguish it from Abetment. (2001-S)
11. DEFAMATION
Q. What is defamation? Explain fully the various exceptions to the charge of defamation. (2008-A 2007-S 2005-A 2003-A 2002-A 2001-S, A)
12. KIDNAPPING & ABDUCTION
Q. Define and distinguish between Kidnapping and Abduction. Also state the punishment prescribed for kidnapping in order to murder. (2009-A)
Q. Define & differentiate between Kidnapping & Abduction. (2002-S 2001-S)
13. ROBBERY & DACOITY
Q. Write an exhaustive essay on Robbery under PPC. (2009-A)
Q. Define and distinguish between extortion and dacoity. (2009-A)
Q. Discuss fully the provisions under PPC relating to the offences of Robbery, Dacoity & Extortion explaining the distinction between Robbery & Dacoity. (2008-S 2006-A 2005-A 2004-A 2003-A 2001-A)
Q. What is robbery, how theft becomes robbery? (2008-A)
14. DIYAT
Q. What is diyat? How is it valued and paid & how is it disbursed? (2009-A 2006-A 2003-S 2002-S)
15. NOTES
1) Wrongful gain Public Servant Fraudulent (2007-S)
2) Dishonestly Good faith Fraudulent (2008-A)
3) Wrongful gain Valuable Security Good Faith (2009-A)
16. WRONGFUL RESTRAINT & CONFINEMENT
Q. Define and distinguish between wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement. Also state the punishment prescribed under PPC. (2009-A)
C) HADOOD LAWS
1. THEFT
Q. Define ‘Theft’ & explain when it’s liable to hadd. What proof is required for it? (2009-A 2008-S 2007-S, A 2006-A 2005-A 2003-S, A 2002-A 2001-A)
2. QAZF
Q. What is Qazf liable to Hadd & what proof is required for it? What is its punishment? How can it proved? (2009-A 2008-A 2007-S, A 2006-A 2004-A 2003-S 2002-S, A 2001-S)
3. HADD & TAZIR
Q. Define & distinguish between Hadd & Tazir. Discuss the offences punishable by Hadd. (2005-A 2004-A 2003-A 2002-S 2001-A)
Q. Define Hadd in accordance with Islamic law & explain different kinds of hadood under Islamic law? (2008-S A)
4. ZINA
Q. Define Zina. When its liable under hadd. What proof is required for it? What is its punishment?
5. NOTES
1) a) Tazeer b) Nisab c) Hirz d) Harabah (2001-S)
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